智库理论与实践2026，Vol.11Issue(4)：1-13,13.DOI:10.3724/j.issn.2096-1634.20260705.0001
国家目标如何塑造基础研究体系
How Do National Goals Shape Basic Research System:The Driving Mechanisms and Implications of the Evolution of the U.S.Basic Research System
摘要
Abstract
[Purpose/Significance]This paper examines how national goals shape basic research systems through a historical analysis of the evolution of the U.S.basic research system after World War II.It aims to ex-plain the driving mechanism through which changing national goals have continuously reshaped the strategic orientation,organizational structure,and functions of basic research.[Method/Process]Drawing on an analytical framework of Strategic Orientation and Legitimacy—Institutional Arrangements and Organizational Mecha-nisms—Capability Formation and Outcomes,the paper divides the postwar evolution of the U.S.basic research system into four stages:The Cold War security-oriented stage,the economic competitiveness-oriented stage,the innovation and societal challenges-oriented stage,and the strategic competition-oriented stage.It analyzes how changing national goals have been embedded into the basic research system through federal funding arrangements,multi-agency coordination,research universities,national laboratories,mission-oriented programs,and research security governance.[Result/Conclusion]The study finds that the evolution of the U.S.basic research system has been neither a natural process driven solely by scientific development nor a direct outcome of national goals.Rather,it has been continuously reshaped through institutional arrangements,organizational mechanisms,and the adjustment of tensions in response to changing national goals.National goals provide strategic direction,institu-tional arrangements and organizational mechanisms constitute the pathways through which these goals are embed-ded into the research system,and tension adjustment sustains the system's long-term evolution.The study suggests that a healthy basic research system requires maintaining a dynamic balance between national strategic needs and the intrinsic logic of basic research.关键词
基础研究/国家目标/美国基础研究体系Key words
basic research/national goal/the U.S.basic research system分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
樊春良..国家目标如何塑造基础研究体系[J].智库理论与实践,2026,11(4):1-13,13.基金项目
本文系国家自然科学基金专项项目"美国基础研究与国家目标结合的历史研究——从思想、制度和政策三个维度考察"(项目编号:L2524057)的研究成果之一. （项目编号:L2524057）
