中兽医医药杂志2026，Vol.45Issue(5)：45-51,封3,8.DOI:10.13823/j.cnki.jtcvm.2026.047
豆科药用植物草酸钙晶体的形态特征及调控机制研究进展
Morphology and regulation of calcium oxalate crystals in medicinal Fabaceae
摘要
Abstract
Calcium oxalate crystals are prevalent,highly specific biomineralized substances produced by medicinal Fabaceae,showing morphological and distributional differences specific to each species and tissue type.These crystals are critical for calcium homeostasis,stress adaptation,and bioactive compound synthesis.This review synthesized insights on their biosynthesis,spatial distribution,and regulatory mechanisms.Crystal formation hinges on two metabolic systems:Ca2+transport and oxalate biosynthesis.Roots absorb Ca2+via apoplastic/symplastic pathways,with transpiration-driven xylem transport facilitating long-distance movement.Oxalate derives from glyoxylate,ascorbate,and oxaloacetate,alongside endogenous degradation routes.Medicinal Fabaceae species primarily accumulate rhombic,prismatic,druse,and styloid crystals,predominantly localized in vascular bundles,parenchyma,and cotyledons.Their size and density vary developmentally,serving as key markers for TCM authentication.Regulation occurs through tissue-specific,genetic,and chemical pathways.Crystals deposit along bundle sheath cells,sequestering excess Ca2+to mitigate toxicity.Mutant studies(Medicago truncatula,M.lupulina)confirm multigenic regulation of crystallogenesis.Organic acids,Ca2+/oxalate ratios,hydration states,and chiral microenvironments collectively dictate morphology and stability.To date,the metabolic coupling mechanisms between calcium oxalate crystals and bioactive components(flavonoids,alkaloids and polysaccharides)remain unelucidated;systematic assessments of processing effects on crystal microstructure and physiological functions are absent,and a full molecular regulatory network has not been constructed.Future research can integrate multi-omics,in situ imaging and gene-editing technologies to thoroughly dissect the internal correlation of the crystal-metabolism-efficacy trinity,promote the precise utilization of these crystal characteristics in TCM identification,quality assessment,stress resistance breeding and new drug development,and provide theoretical support and technical approaches for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine and the sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources.关键词
草酸钙晶体/豆科/药用植物/钙离子转运/形态特征/调控机制Key words
calcium oxalate crystals/Fabaceae/medicinal plants/calcium ion transport/morphological distribution/regulatory mechanisms分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
康郑亮,张玉,王婷,王龙博,王明伟,强正泽,李成义..豆科药用植物草酸钙晶体的形态特征及调控机制研究进展[J].中兽医医药杂志,2026,45(5):45-51,封3,8.基金项目
2024年度甘肃省中药质量与标准研究重点实验室开放基金项目(ZYZL2024-10) （ZYZL2024-10）
2023年全国中药特色技术传承人才培训项目(T202348322005) （T202348322005）
2025年全国老药工传承工作室建设项目 （）
