水力发电学报2026，Vol.45Issue(9)：97-106,10.DOI:10.11660/slfdxb.20260909
三金高海拔特小断面隧洞开挖及供风技术研究
Study on excavation and ventilation technology for Sanjen small-cross section hydraulic tunnels in high-altitude regions
摘要
Abstract
Research on the excavation and ventilation technologies for hydraulic tunnels with ultra-small cross-sections is of great significance for developing hydropower resources in high-altitude regions.Based on the case of the Sanjen Khola hydropower station located in an uninhabited area on the southern slopes of the Himalayas in Nepal,this paper reveals the mechanism of gradient blasting for creating free surfaces in ultra-small cross-section tunnels,which involves one-time drilling,pre-blasting of the central pilot tunnel,and subsequent blasting of the side and crown arches.We compare air pressures and airflow losses along the length of iron ventilation pipes versus HDPE pipes,and develop a theoretical model and a full-process construction methodology for accurate deviation control in highly inclined ultra-small cross-section shafts,covering the induction,generation,formation,correction,and prevention of excavating deviations.Practical applications on the construction site shows that for excavating such tunnels,the single-cycle advance is increased from 1.5-1.8 m to 2.8-3.1 m.Under a ventilation distance of 3000m,the airflow and air pressure losses along the HDPE pipes are lowered by 83.6%and 45.5%respectively,compared to the iron pipes;The maximum deviation rate of the inclined shaft was about 0.18%.The findings are important and useful theoretically and technically for safe excavation and ventilation of ultra-small cross-section hydraulic tunnels in high-altitude regions.关键词
水工隧洞/高海拔/梯度爆破/小断面供风/大倾角斜井Key words
hydraulic tunnel/high-altitude/gradient blasting/small cross-section ventilation/high-inclination shaft分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
谭顺利,马萌濛,刘海雁,李永吉,杜海民,邹天宸,林鹏..三金高海拔特小断面隧洞开挖及供风技术研究[J].水力发电学报,2026,45(9):97-106,10.基金项目
中国水利水电第十一工程局有限公司科研项目(SH-SJKL-2024-08) （SH-SJKL-2024-08）
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52504134) （52504134）
