电工技术学报2026，Vol.41Issue(19)：6548-6567,20.DOI:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251661
基于多目标优化的构网型风储系统调频控制
Multi-Objective Optimization-Based Frequency Regulation Control of Grid-Forming Wind-Storage Systems
摘要
Abstract
Grid-forming wind-storage systems can provide active power support and are applicable to improving grid stability and system dynamic performance in new-type power systems.Their frequency response is highly sensitive to operating states and dynamic conditions,while existing frequency regulation strategies exhibit three main limitations:(1)during transient frequency support,the bidirectional dynamic coupling constraints between the energy storage state of charge(SOC)and wind-turbine rotor kinetic energy are not sufficiently modeled or enforced;(2)the storage droop coefficient and charge/discharge depth are not adaptively coordinated with SOC;and(3)a unified modeling-and-control framework that links wind-storage coupling mechanisms with multi-objective performance optimization remains unavailable.These issues motivate the development of multi-objective,multi-constraint cooperative control strategies to strengthen active power support capability. A hierarchical coordinated frequency regulation method is developed for grid-forming wind-storage systems.At the wind-turbine layer,an adaptive control strategy is formulated by explicitly incorporating both SOC constraints and rotor kinetic-energy constraints.Active power is regulated according to grid operating requirements,enabling frequency support while limiting excessive kinetic-energy extraction and avoiding storage over-discharge,thereby reducing wind curtailment and improving the available reserve margin of the wind-storage system.At the energy-storage layer,an adaptive frequency regulation strategy is designed by jointly considering SOC and charge/discharge depth constraints.The droop coefficient and the allowable power command are adjusted online to comply with storage safety boundaries and to maintain controllability across different SOC levels,so that storage power can be modulated safely and efficiently under varying operating conditions.At the coordination layer,a rolling multi-objective explicit model predictive control(MO-EMPC)strategy is constructed.The rolling optimization explicitly accounts for wind power reserve constraints,rotor speed stability requirements,and energy-storage safety limits,and coordinates the wind-storage power allocation through multi-objective optimization.The coordinated strategy aims to improve frequency response performance while maintaining feasible operating margins for both the wind turbine and the storage system under diverse operating points. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the proposed control scheme under multiple operating conditions.The results show that the wind-turbine dynamic adaptive control method with dual SOC-rotor kinetic-energy constraints can reshape turbine operating characteristics in real time,effectively reducing wind curtailment and increasing the reserve margin of the wind-storage system.The SOC and depth-aware storage adaptive frequency regulation strategy enables dynamic and flexible storage power regulation,improving the safe operating capability of the energy storage system and increasing power utilization efficiency by preventing excessive charge/discharge depth at unfavorable SOC levels.The rolling MO-EMPC-based multi-objective coordinated control further enhances fast frequency response capability and frequency stability across different operating conditions.Compared with conventional methods,rotor-speed recovery is smoother,the maximum storage depth of discharge under low-wind-speed conditions is reduced by 22.64%,and the steady-state frequency deviation is reduced by 7.04%.These results indicate that coordinated consideration of wind power reserve constraints,rotor speed stability,and storage safety limits can improve operational reliability and achieve coordinated enhancement of dynamic power support capability and frequency response performance in grid-forming wind-storage joint frequency regulation systems.关键词
构网型风机/储能系统/多目标优化/显式模型预测控制/一次调频Key words
Grid-forming wind turbine/energy storage system/multi-objective optimization/explicit model predi ctive control/primary frequency regulation分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
刘会强,任永峰,孟庆天,张岩,李树保..基于多目标优化的构网型风储系统调频控制[J].电工技术学报,2026,41(19):6548-6567,20.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(52367022)和内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化项目(2023YFHH0097)资助. （52367022）
