丝绸2026，Vol.63Issue(10)：40-52,13.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2026.10.005
仿生设计在纺织服装中的创新应用
Innovative applications of biomimetic design in textiles and apparel
摘要
Abstract
As the textile and apparel industry increasingly demands personalization,functionality,and sustainability,traditional design methods fail to meet the diverse requirements of modern markets,including aesthetic expression,intelligent interaction,and environmental adaptability.Biomimetic design,which draws inspiration from biological forms,structures,colors,and functional mechanisms found in nature,offers a creative approach that demonstrates unique potential when integrated with garment styling,color,and fabrics.However,existing research largely focuses on individual aspects of biomimetic design,lacking a systematic synthesis and analysis.This paper therefore investigates the innovative application of biomimetic design in textiles and apparel,systematically reviews major research achievements in this field,and analyzes the practical implementation and effects of different biomimetic methods,aiming to provide practical references for future research and product development. Using a case study approach,this paper categorizes and analyzes biomimetic applications in textiles and apparel from five perspectives:morphological and visual biomimicry,surface structure biomimicry,thermal management biomimicry,intelligent response biomimicry,and biomedical biomimicry.For each perspective,the paper elaborates on design inspiration sources,technical implementation pathways,material and structural characteristics,representative application cases,and performance evaluations.In morphological and visual biomimicry,extracting biological contours,colors,and textures,along with introducing structural color generation techniques,significantly improved the aesthetic expression and sustainable coloration of garments.In surface structure biomimicry,mimicking drag-reducing,puncture-resistant,and self-cleaning structures from organisms led to low-resistance swimsuits,high-protection anti-stab fabrics,and superhydrophobic self-cleaning textiles,markedly enhancing mechanical performance and environmental adaptability.In thermal management biomimicry,drawing inspiration from polar bear fur,the dynamic color-changing ability of chameleons,and plant salt absorption-secretion mechanisms enabled breakthroughs in passive insulation,active regulation,and energy-conversion thermal management materials,meeting diverse needs such as extreme cold protection,infrared stealth,and solar heating.In intelligent response biomimicry,imitating biological responses to light,heat,moisture,and touch produced color-changing textiles,humidity-responsive breathable fabrics,fingerprint-mimetic tactile sensors,and perception-actuation integrated hydrogels,endowing textiles with autonomous regulation and interactive capabilities.In biomedical biomimicry,principles from plant antibacterial action,porous bone structures,self-healing,and thermoelectric effects guided the development of antimicrobial fibers,biodegradable artificial bone,self-healing coatings,and smart pro-healing dressings,realizing an evolution from passive replacement to active repair in medical applications.By analyzing different biomimetic design strategies,functional realizations,and applicable scenarios,this paper reveals the potential of biomimetic design in aesthetic expression,functional integration,and intelligent response.Based on the synthesis and analysis of the five aspects,this work overcomes the limitation of previous studies that often confined themselves to a single direction,offering reference for the future development of multifunctional integrated biomimetic materials.Biomimetic design has moved beyond superficial imitation of natural forms and colors toward a systematic translation of biological structures and intelligent mechanisms,significantly enhancing the visual diversity,functionality,and environmental adaptability of textiles and apparel. In the future,the development of biomimetic design in textiles and apparel can integrate deeply with smart materials and digital technologies to create textile products capable of environmental interaction and multifunctional integration.Moving beyond single-function imitation,researchers can develop multifunctional composites by integrating biological structures and synergistic mechanisms.Combined with sustainable development concepts,the industry can adopt bio-based polymers,closed-loop recycling,and biodegradable biomimetic textiles to address environmental sustainability challenges.As a bridge linking natural wisdom with human technological needs,biomimetic design will continue to deepen and provide nature-inspired insights for the high-quality and sustainable development of the textile and apparel industry.关键词
仿生设计/视觉仿生/结构仿生/热管理仿生/智能响应仿生/医用仿生Key words
bionic design/visual bionics/structural bionics/thermal management bionics/intelligent response bionics/medical bionics分类
轻工纺织引用本文复制引用
羊海韵,刘茜..仿生设计在纺织服装中的创新应用[J].丝绸,2026,63(10):40-52,13.基金项目
"纺织之光"中国纺织工业联合会高等教育教学改革研究项目(2026BKJGLX322) （2026BKJGLX322）
