物理化学学报2026，Vol.42Issue(10)：1-28,28.DOI:10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100226
可充电镁金属电池无机正极材料研究进展
Recent advances in inorganic cathodes for rechargeable magnesium metal batteries
摘要
Abstract
Advancing electrochemical energy storage beyond lithium-ion technologies has become increasingly critical in response to sustainable development.Rechargeable magnesium metal batteries(RMBs),recognized for their inherent advantages in resource abundance,potential for higher volumetric capacity,and enhanced safety characteristics due to the dendrite-free plating of magnesium,stand out as highly promising for next-generation energy storage.Recent breakthroughs in magnesium-compatible electrolytes have effectively overcome longstanding issues of anode passivation and low coulombic efficiency,thereby accelerating RMB research into a new stage of development.However,the practical application of RMBs continues to face significant challenges,predominantly centered on cathode materials.These challenges primarily stem from the strong polarization and high charge density of divalent Mg2+ions,which lead to strong electrostatic interactions with the host cathode materials,resulting in sluggish solid-state diffusion kinetics that limit achievable energy density and cycling stability.To systematically address these hurdles and promote the development of cathode materials,this review provides a comprehensive summary of recent progress in inorganic cathode materials for RMBs,focusing on four major categories:polyanionic compounds,oxides,sulfides,and selenides.For each class,we delve into the relationships between crystal structure,electrochemical performance,and Mg2+storage mechanism,discussing both significant advances and persistent issues.Each material class faces distinct limitations,from short lifespan in polyanionic compounds to kinetic barriers in oxides and shuttle effects in chalcogenides.From this survey,we summarize effective material engineering strategies to address these challenges,which include nanostructural design to shorten diffusion pathways,composite engineering to enhance conductivity,interlayer expansion to facilitate ion transport,defect modulation to create active sites,amorphization,and elemental doping to stabilize crystal structures.The rational integration of these strategies tailored to specific material limitations is crucial for breaking the current performance ceiling.Future research should emphasize advanced in situ/operando characterization,explore new cathode design paradigms,and pursue synergistic electrode-electrolyte pairings.This review aims to provide theoretical fundamentals for the rational design of high-performance cathode materials,promoting the technological advancement and practical application of RMBs.关键词
可充电镁金属电池/无机正极/氧化物/硫化物/硒化物Key words
Rechargeable magnesium metal battery/Inorganic cathode/Oxide/Sulfide/Selenide分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
朱彩霞,李婷,徐飞,董程远,张逸捷,方永进,曹余良..可充电镁金属电池无机正极材料研究进展[J].物理化学学报,2026,42(10):1-28,28.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(U24A20566,22479118,22479117,22209125,22179101,52172266)资助项目 （U24A20566,22479118,22479117,22209125,22179101,52172266）
