远程教育杂志2026，Vol.44Issue(5)：37-47,11.DOI:10.15881/j.cnki.cn33-1304/g4.2026.05.005
认知与元认知何以协同?
How Do Cognition and Metacognition Synergize?A Study on the Design and Application of Adaptive Scaffolding Based on LLM Pedagogical Agents
摘要
Abstract
The emergence of LLM-based pedagogical agents offers new possibilities for personalized learning while bringing risks of cognitive outsourcing and metacognitive laziness.In response,this study constructed a pedagogical agent integrating a dual cognitive-metacognitive diagnostic mechanism.It dynamically identifies learners' cognitive levels and metacognitive phases to adap-tively match corresponding cognitive and metacognitive scaffolds.To verify its effectiveness,a quasi-experimental study was conduct-ed with 66 fifth-grade students from two intact classes over eight instructional periods.The experimental group carried out agent-sup-ported algorithm problem-solving learning,whereas the control group received teacher-supported algorithm problem-solving learning.Results showed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in academic achievement and metacognitive awareness and demonstrated significantly lower cognitive load.Epistemic network analysis further revealed that the core difference be-tween high-and low-performing students lay in whether they could efficiently achieve deep understanding of new knowledge.Their cognitive development trajectories demonstrated advanced characteristics marked by transitions from linear trial-and-error to multi-dimensional association and from partial comprehension to the integrated construction of holistic frameworks.These findings suggest that the key to intelligent educational support lies not in providing more answers,but in dynamically adapting scaffolds to learners' re-al-time states so as to trigger cognitive restructuring and metacognitive awakening.The findings provide empirical evidence for un-packing the underlying mechanisms of human-AI collaborative learning.关键词
生成式人工智能/认知诊断/元认知诊断/自适应支架/教学智能体Key words
Generative artificial intelligence/Cognitive diagnosis/Metacognitive diagnosis/Adaptive scaffolding/Pedagogical agents分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
季瑜,钟明轩,李文锋,张上雄,詹泽慧..认知与元认知何以协同?[J].远程教育杂志,2026,44(5):37-47,11.基金项目
2023年度国家自然科学基金面上项目"基于事理图谱的计算思维智能导训模型及可解释性研究"(项目编号:62277018)、2024年度广东省哲学社会科学规划学科共建项目"功能性近红外光谱技术在跨学科学习交互测量中的应用研究"(项目编号:GD24XJY31)、2023年广东省基础与应用基础研究基金省市联合基金(粤穗)——青年基金"人际大脑同步在跨学科学习中的作用机制"(项目编号:2023A1515111160). （项目编号:62277018）
