This work was funded by a research grant from the Percy Fitzpatrick Institute of African Ornithology,University of Cape Town,South Africa[REF.B717].Partial support was provided by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology[FCT fellowships PTDC/BAA-AGR/28866/2017 and CEECIND/04084/2017]and the Spanish Government,Minis-try of Universities("María Zambrano"-Next Generation EU).The authors are thankful to the following people for granting permission to use their guineafowl pictures or drawings(subspecies,Macaulay Library or other ID,if available,and locality are provided in parentheses along with the link in case of missing ID) （"María Zambrano"-Next Generation EU）

Garry Douglas(N.m.marungensis,ML175816081,Zambia),Peter Hills(N.m.meleagris,BOA11804,Ethiopia),Nigel Voaden(N.m.reichenowi,ML46988951,Kenya),Gerard Vigo(N.m.galeatus,Gambia),Guenther Karmann(N.m.coronata,ML204783541,South Africa),Laurent Esselen(N.m.papillosus,ML240295901,Namibia),Montserrat Rubio Masero(N.m.sabyi,Morocco,https://www.pinterest.es/pin/854206254314512653/),Ken-rith Carter(N.m.somaliensis,ML335872191,Somalia)and Wolfgang Dreier(N.m.somaliensis,https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id444554/),Zak Pohlen(N.m.mitrata,ML276498351,Mozambique).The picture of N.meleagris(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Numida_meleagris-Ngorongoro_Conservation Area％2C Tanzani a_-upper_body-8.jpg)used in Fig.2 was freely usable underlicense CC BY 3.0.The authors are also grateful to the photographers who shared their habitat images:Sanjeev Arora(N.m.papillosus,https://www.b logger.com/profile/10896480884587733715),F.Gachathi(N.m.somaliensis,http://vecea.vegetationmap4africa.org/docs/S.html)and Vlada Trailin(N.m.meleagris,http://www.reptiles-of-ethiopia-and-eri trea.com/Echis-varlocV.jpg).The habitat picture of N.m.coronata was taken by JHvN and those of N.m.mitrata,N.m.galeatus and N.m.reichenowi were freely available at https://pixabay.com/photos/vegetal-cover-mozambique-5175462/,https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/landscape-bamenda-highlands-cameroon-africa-112305587 and https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/elephants-crossing-rive r-serengeti-national-park-379974949,respectively.Finally,the authors wish to thank Bertie van Niekerk and Frans Rossouw for their valuable assistance during fieldwork in KGR. （N.m.marungensis,ML175816081,Zambia）