Nanoparticle Exsolution on Perovskite Oxides:Insights into Mechanism,Characteristics and Novel StrategiesOACSTPCD

Supported nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention as a promising catalyst for achieving unique properties in numerous applications,includ-ing fuel cells,chemical conversion,and batteries.Nanocatalysts demonstrate high activity by expanding the number of active sites,but they also intensify deactivation issues,such as agglomeration and poisoning,simultaneously.Exsolution for bottom-up synthesis of supported nanoparticles has emerged as a breakthrough technique to overcome limitations associated with conventional nanomaterials.Nanoparticles are uniformly exsolved from perovskite oxide supports and socketed into the oxide support by a one-step reduction process.Their uniformity and stability,resulting from the socketed structure,play a crucial role in the development of novel nano-catalysts.Recently,tremendous research efforts have been dedicated to further con-trolling exsolution particles.To effectively address exsolution at a more precise level,understanding the underlying mechanism is essential.This review presents a comprehensive overview of the exsolution mechanism,with a focus on its driv-ing force,processes,properties,and synergetic strategies,as well as new pathways for optimizing nanocatalysts in diverse applications.