心理学报2024，Vol.56Issue(1)：107-123,17.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.00107
中国社会中"内卷"现象的个体心理内涵及其特征维度
"Neijuan"in China:The psychological concept and its characteristic dimensions
摘要
Abstract
With the deepening and spread of reform and opening-up,China has undergone rapid and unprecedented economic growth and societal transformations over the past few decades.Accumulating evidence has revealed the impacts of sociocultural changes on Chinese mental health.Since 2020,a popular buzzword,"Neijuan"(involution),has garnered significant attention and discussion in daily life.Neijuan could be traced back to agricultural involution,which refers to a process of inward over-elaboration in agricultural development.This concept was first identified by the anthropologist Geertz(1963),who observed that population growth failed to enhance productivity growth and economic development. Despite Neijuan's growing attention,it is still unclear about the connotation and characteristic dimensions of this social phenomenon.Cultural psychology provides a solid theoretical and empirical basis for exploring how social and cultural changes affect individuals'psychological states and behaviors.In this context,we propose that Neijuan is a multidimensional psychological concept of great significance in this new era,closely connected to cultural changes in China's rapid development and growth. To explore the psychological concept of Neijuan,Study 1 employed a grounded theory approach through in-depth interviews to clarify the intricate psychological components of Neijuan.Based on the results of Study 1,Studies 2 and 3 developed a measurement tool to validate the multiple characteristic dimensions of Neijuan in Chinese culture,utilizing exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA).The findings suggested that Neijuan comprises four dimensions:resource scarcity,social norm,psychological pressure,and competition.Subsequently,Study 4 used Neijuan scenario-based task in the university and workplace environments to assess participants'behavioral tendencies related to Neijuan and examined the relationship between individuals'perceptions of Neijuan and their actual behaviors.Results revealed that individuals with higher levels of perceived Nejuan exhibited a greater tendency to engage in behaviors associated with Neijuan. In summary,the series of studies sought to explore the psychological concept and multiple characteristic dimensions of Neijuan,which provides a theoretical and empirical basis for understanding this significant phenomenon in the contemporary era.The current research also offers an effective measurement tool to assess individuals'perception of Neijuan and enlightens future research on the effect of Neijuan on psychological maladjustment and non-benign competition behaviors related to Neijuan.关键词
内卷/竞争/社会规范/文化心理学/中国社会Key words
Neijuan/competition/social norms/cultural psychology/Chinese society分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
张雯,潘超,姚诗铭,朱佳佳,凌东,杨涵淳,徐静莎,穆妍..中国社会中"内卷"现象的个体心理内涵及其特征维度[J].心理学报,2024,56(1):107-123,17.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(32071016,32271129) （32071016,32271129）
中国科学院心理研究所青年人才科研启动基金(2019000050) （2019000050）
中国科学院行为科学重点实验室经费资助(Y5CX052003) （Y5CX052003）
中国科学院心理研究所科学基金项目(E2CX3935CX). （E2CX3935CX）
