土壤盐渍化修复技术研究进展OA
Research Progress of Soil Salinization-Alkalization Remediation Technology
土壤盐渍化不但会阻碍植物根系对水分的吸收,而且严重影响植物生长发育和产量,还会导致土壤的理化性质变差.对土壤盐渍化进行有效治理及开发利用有助于提高耕后备耕地的储备量等.通过梳理近年来国内外土壤盐渍化修复技术相关研究进展,总结现有盐渍土改良技术的研究成果,并得出(1)农艺措施改良盐渍土主要研究方向是优化灌溉模式与完善灌溉技术,阻止地下水位升高,减少土壤返盐;(2)水利工程改良技术目前研究比较成熟,其主要研究方向是通过完善排水设施来降低地下水位,进而减少土壤中盐分含量,改良盐渍土;(3)物理改良技术目前研究比较成熟,研究方向是改善土壤结构、打破犁地层、提高土壤的持水性能,进而降低土壤中的含盐量;(4)化学改良技术目前主要的研究方向是将化学物质直接或间接施入盐渍土中,并测定其对于土壤理化性质的影响;(5)目前生物改良主要的研究方向是选择、培育和种植耐盐碱作物以及筛选耐盐碱促生菌,运用耐盐碱植物与耐盐碱促生菌相配合的方式改良盐渍土.目前对于盐渍土多选择两种或多种技术结合的方法进行改良,改良技术的选择还需要依据盐渍区的具体情况而综合选定.
Soil salinization will not only hinder the absorption of water by plant roots,seriously affect plant growth and yield,but also lead to the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties.Effective treatment and exploitation of soil salinization was helpful to increase the area of effective cultivated land and increase the reserve of reserve cultivated land.By reviewing the research progress of soil salinization remediation technology at home and abroad in recent years,the existing research results of salinized soil improvement technology were summarized,and it was concluded that,(1)the main research direction of agronomic measures to improve salinized soil was to optimize irrigation mode and improve irrigation technology,prevent the rise of groundwater level and reduce soil salinity;(2)The current research on the improvement technology of hydraulic engineering was relatively mature,and its main research direction was to reduce the groundwater level by improving the drainage facilities,and then reduce the salt content in the soil and improve the saline soil;(3)The current research on physical improvement technology was relatively mature,and the research direction was to improve the soil structure,break the plough layer,improve the soil water retention,and then reduce the salt content in the soil;(4)At present,the main research direction of chemical improvement technology was to apply chemical substances directly or indirectly to saline soil,and to determine their effects on soil physical and chemical properties;(5)At present,the main research direction of bioimprovement was to select,cultivate and plant saline-alkali tolerant crops,screen saline-alkali tolerant growth promoters,and improve saline soil by using saline-alkali tolerant plants and saline-alkali tolerant growth promoters.At present,the saline soil was improved by the combination of two or more technologies,and the selection of the improved technology also needs to be comprehensively selected according to the specific situation of the saline area.
刘庚炜;高雅琪;邵泽璇;戴长雷
黑龙江大学水利电力学院/黑龙江大学寒区地下水研究所/黑龙江省寒区水文与水利工程联合实验室(国际合作),黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
盐渍化改良技术进展土壤改良剂耐盐碱作物
salinizationimproved technologyprogresssoil amendmentssalt alkali tolerant crops
《黑龙江农业科学》 2024 (001)
99-107 / 9
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划子课题(2014BAD12-B01-03).
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