实验室建筑:概念演化与空间演变研究OA

The development of laboratory building is also a process of conceptualization of"laboratory".The study of the history of laboratory building needs to take into account the different variations in the meaning of the concept of"laboratory"and to place it in a specific historical context.Therefore,in this study,the term"laboratory"is firstly traced back to its etymology,meanwhile,the spatial evolution characteristics of laboratory building in different periods are sorted out by combing with the conceptual evolution process of the concept of the term"laboratory".The purpose of the study involves three main areas.First,the evolution of the concept of laboratory is sorted out through etymological studies to clarify the ambiguity of its definition and point;second,the historical lineage of spatial evolution of laboratory building is explored based on the extension of the evolution of the laboratory concept;third,the typical characteristics of laboratory building spaces in different historical periods are further explored.The significance of the study is to supplement and improve the theoretical research related to the history of domestic laboratory building,further expand the depth and breadth of laboratory building research field,and provide ideas and inspiration for the subsequent research.The study begins with a discussion of three aspects of the etymology of"laboratory",including an examination of Latin etymology,an examination of etymology and suffixes,and an examination of related near-synonyms.One of the Latin etymologies examined found furnaces to be a key feature of early chemistry laboratory space;etymological and suffix examination discovers the laboratory's implicit metaphors about the search for truth;an examination of near synonyms reveals that the process of moving from multiple meanings to a clear definition of the concept of"laboratory"is also a reflection of the increasing specialization of science.In the evolution of the concept of"laboratory",the early experimental space in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was mainly used as a place for manual rather than scientific activities,and its spatial characteristics corresponded to the ambiguity of the concept of"laboratory",which showed a mixed nature with a variety of spaces such as private houses,museums.In the eighteenth century,when the concept of"laboratory"came into widespread use,the laboratory space was still closely associated with manual activities,although the separation of the manual and the scientific had already begun to emerge.Academic laboratories began to develop as chemistry made its way into universities.In the nineteenth century,with the rapid development of chemistry,the term"laboratory"came to be used almost exclusively to refer to chemistry laboratory.Due to the reforms in German higher education and the chemistry industry,the laboratory has evolved from an initial hybrid space to an independent laboratory building with different space types.In the twentieth century,as a result of the two world wars,the size and number of laboratory building grew rapidly,and national laboratory in the context of"big science"appeared.Meanwhile,due to the influence of wartime industrial building,modular space became one of the most significant spatial features of laboratory building in the post-war period.In the twenty-first century,in the context of fierce global competition,laboratory building not only needs to meet the needs of contemporary complex scientific research activities,but also needs to take on the task of expressing the image of the institution and dialoguing with the public.The above requirements pose a new challenge to laboratory building in terms of creating an iconic exterior identity and interior space.