耐高温和耐低温固体复合菌剂对牛粪堆肥的影响OACSTPCD
Effect of High Temperature and Low Temperature Resistant Solid Compound Microbial Agents on the Composting of Cow Manure
为解决低温时牛粪堆肥时间长的问题,缩短堆肥发酵周期,提高有机肥品质,试验将筛选到的8株细菌制成耐高温和耐低温固体复合菌剂,加入牛粪堆肥中设为试验组(T组),不加菌剂自然堆肥设为对照组(C组),检测理化指标、物种组成和优势微生物,验证制备的复合菌剂对冬季牛粪堆肥启动和堆肥高温期的作用.结果表明:添加固体复合菌剂后,T组相比C组,堆肥初期温度启动和上升速度更快,提前2 d达到高温期且最高温高出3.4 ℃;pH上升和下降变化幅度均大于C组,最终维持在8.1左右;堆肥结束时,含水率、C/N和有机质均下降,全磷、全钾和种子发芽率(GI)均上升,T组下降和上升幅度大;优势微生物门水平T组堆肥初期(T1)为Firm-icutes 和 Actinobacteria,升温期(T2)为 Firmicutes,高温期(T3)为 Bacteroidetes,降温期(T4)和腐熟期(T5)为Actinobacteria和Chloroflexi,Proteobacteria是整个堆肥过程的优势微生物,C组与T组多样性相似,区别在于丰度比例不同,高通量测序发现,堆肥温度和微生物数量是影响堆肥的关键因素.综上,牛粪堆肥前添加制备的耐高温和耐低温固体复合菌剂,能够快速启动冬季堆肥初始温度并延长高温期时间,缩短堆肥时间,提高堆肥效率和有机肥品质.
In order to solve the problem of long composting time of cow dung at low temperature,shorten the composting fermentation time,and improve the quality of organic fertilizer,the eight strains of bacteria selected in the test were made into high temperature and low temperature resistant solid com-pound microbial agents,and added to the cow dung compost as a test Group(group T),whereas natural compost without inoculants was set as the control group(group C).Physical and chemical indicators,spe-cies composition and dominant microorganisms were tested to verify the effect of the prepared compound inoculants on the start of winter cow manure composting and the high temperature period of composting.The results showed after adding the solid compound bacterial agents the temperature in group started and rose faster at the in itial stage compared with group C.The onset of high temperatures arrived two days earlier,with the peak temperature exceeding by 3.4 degrees.The fluctuations in pH levels,both upward and downward.were greater than those observedin group C,ultimately stabilizing aroud 8.1.At the end of composting,the moisture content,C/N and organic matter all decreased,total phosphorus,total potassi-um and seed germination rate(GI)all increased,with group T having the greater ranges of flutuation The dominant microbial in phylum level T group at the initial stage of composting(Tl)was Firmicutes and Actinobacteria,at the heating period(T2)being Firmicutes,at the high temperature period(T3)being Bacteroidetes,at the cooling period(T4)and the maturity period(T5)being Actinobacteria and Chlo-roflexi.Proteobacteria was the dominant microorganisms in the entire composting process.The diversity of group C and group T is similar,the difference lies in their abundance ratio.High-throughput sequencing found that the compost temperature and the number of microorganisms are the key.Therefore,the high-temperature and low-temperature-resistant solid composite microbial agents prepared before cow manure composting can quickly start the initial temperature of winter composting and prolong the high-tempera-ture period,shorten the composting time,and improve the efficiency of composting and the quality of or-ganic fertilizer.
岳世林;马晓勇;姜国均
河北农业大学动物医学院,河北保定 071000
畜牧业
牛粪堆肥耐高温菌耐低温菌理化指标
cow manurecompostinghigh temperature resistant microbiallow temperature resistant microbialphysical and chemical indicators
《家畜生态学报》 2024 (002)
55-60 / 6
河北省第二期现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2018130205)
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