中国生态农业学报（中英文）2024，Vol.32Issue(1)：71-82,12.DOI:10.12357/cjea.20230346
典型黑土区不同保护性耕作方式对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响
Effects of conservation tillage methods on maize growth and yields in a typical black soil region
摘要
Abstract
Implementation of conservation tillage is crucial for protecting black soil in Northeast China and ensuring national food se-curity.A three-year field experiment was conducted to examine the impact of conservation tillage on maize yields and its key factors in a typical black soil region of Northeast China.Four treatments were designed,including conventional ridge tillage without straw mulching(CK),no-tillage with 100％crushed straw mulching(T1),no-tillage with high stubble and 100％straw mulching(T2),and reduced tillage with 100％straw strip mulching(T3).This study analyzed the physical and chemical properties of soil,maize growth,yields,and its components to assess the effects of different treatments on soil and maize yields.The results demonstrated that conser-vation tillage treatments(T1,T2,and T3)increased soil organic matter content in the 0-20 cm soil layer compared with the CK treat-ment.Additionally,conservation tillage significantly improved the soil water content during the sowing to seedling stages,while de-creasing the soil temperature.T1,T2,and T3 treatments led to increases in the soil water content,ranging from 7.8％to 30.4％,9.0％to 18.7％,and 17.3％to 20.0％,respectively.Meanwhile,the soil temperature decreased by 2.56 ℃ to 3.11 ℃,2.02 ℃ to 2.27 ℃,and 0.94 ℃ to 1.93 ℃,respectively.The data revealed that the emergence times of T1 and T2 were delayed by 5-7 days and 4-6 days,respectively.However,T3 only experienced a delay of two days.Over the three years,the average seedling emergence rate of T3 treatment increased by 3.2％compared to CK,whereas the emergence rates of T1 and T2 decreased by 4.3％and 4.7％,respect-ively.T1,T2,and T3 treatments reduced the uniformity of plant height and dry matter accumulation at the sixth leaf collar stage,with T3 treatment exhibiting a significantly smaller decrease than the T1 and T2 treatments.Additionally,dry matter accumulation after the sixth leaf collar gradually decreased in T3 compared to that in the other treatments.T1 and T2 significantly reduced the yield by 7.5％to 15.6％and 5.5％to 12.9％,respectively,over the course of three years.However,T3 treatment did not show a significant dif-ference compared with CK.The structural equation model(SEM)indicated that conservation tillage indirectly affected yields by reg-ulating soil water content and temperature,thereby influencing emergence time,emergence rate,ear number,and 100-kernal weight.Furthermore,conservation tillage can directly affect emergence quality and yield components,subsequently affecting yields.There-fore,T3 is an optimal conservation tillage practice for a typical black soil region of Northeast China.T3 not only improves soil organ-ic matter content but also helps in adjusting the contradiction between soil moisture and temperature to shorten the emergence time,improve the quality of emergence,and stabilize yields.关键词
东北黑土区/保护性耕作/玉米产量/土壤理化性质Key words
Black region of Northeast China/Conservation tillage/Maize yield/Soil physicochemical properties分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李瑞平,李少昆,谢瑞芝,罗洋,隋鹏祥,郑洪兵,明博,王浩,刘武仁,郑金玉..典型黑土区不同保护性耕作方式对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响[J].中国生态农业学报（中英文）,2024,32(1):71-82,12.基金项目
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210202024NC)、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28080204)和国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2022YFD1500104-03)资助 This study was supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province(20210202024NC),the Strategic Priority Re-search Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28080204),and the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1500104-03). （20210202024NC）
