果树学报2024，Vol.41Issue(2)：338-352,15.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20230130
贵州枇杷种质资源分布及其产业发展概述
Overview of the distribution and industrial development of loquat germ-plasm resources in Guizhou
摘要
Abstract
Guizhou has a prominent three-dimensional climate,abundant wild loquat germplasm re-sources and significant differences in traits.According to the survey from Lin Shunquan et al.,there are six species of loquat in Guizhou,namely common loquat,large-flowered loquat,small-leaved loquat,narrow-leaved loquat,narrow-leaved mutation loquat and Tengyue loquat.At present,our research group has found three species of common loquat,large-flowered loquat and small-leaved loquat,which are preserved in the Loquat Germplasm Resource Nursery of Guizhou Province.Common loquat is widely distributed in whole Guizhou province,with large flower loquat mainly distributing in Leigong mountain,southeast Guizhou,and small leaf loquat mainly distributing in Xingyi City,southwest Gui-zhou.The distribution characteristics of wild Eriobotrya plants are as follows:from northeast to south-west,the tree types change from"small tree"or"small tree-tree"to"tree",the leaves change from small leaf to large leaf,the back hairs change from dense to thin,and the leaf edges become wider.The size of the inflorescence changes gradually from small to large,the arrangement closeness between the branches and flowers changes from tight to loose,the branches change from falling and curling to flat and sloping up,the branches become slender,and the shape of the inflorescence changes from short con-ical to long conical.The soluble solid content,total sugar content and solid acid ratio in the fruit show the trend of high to low,and the leaf spot resistance from strong to weak.Commercial cultivation of lo-quat in Guizhou province began around 1958,and Qiandongnan Prefecture took the lead in introducing fine varieties from Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Fujian and other provinces for cultivation experiments.In the mid-dle and late 1980s,Guiyang City,Qiannan Prefecture,Qianxinan Prefecture and other prefectures(cit-ies)successively carried out introduction experiments and small-scale promotion and application.By 2010,there were over 10 000 acres of large-scale planting in areas such as Guiyang,Qiandongnan Pre-fecture and Bijie City.Especially since 2015,the rapid development of loquat plantings and production in various parts of Guizhou has taken place.By 2022,the planting area of the loquat in the province reached 23 000 hm2,the annual output was 163 000 tons,the output value was 1.71 billion yuan,and the shelf life of loquat was more than two months.Among them,the planting area of Qiandongnan Pre-fecture was about 2100 hm2,with an annual output of about 10 500 tons and an output value of about 137 million yuan.The planting area of Qianxinan Prefecture was about 5600 hm2,with an annual output of about 42 600 tons and an output value of about 342 million yuan.The planting area of Qiannan Pre-fecture was about 4300 hm2,with an annual output of about 17 200 tons and an output value of about 248 million yuan.The planting area of Guiyang City was about 6200 hm2,with an annual output of about 50 000 tons and an output value of about 650 million yuan.Anshun planting area was about 3300 hm2 with output of about 30 600 tons and an output value of about 243 million yuan or more.The planting area of Bijie City was about 1 066.7 hm2,with an annual output of about 10 100 tons and an output val-ue of about 102 million yuan.Other planting areas accounted for about 500 hm2,with output of about 1600 tons and output value of 12 million yuan.However,the cultivation technology and management levels are still relatively low,and the increase in area is not proportional to the increase in yield.The av-erage commodity yield in the province is less than 500 kg per mu,and there are a lot of rooms for im-provement.The main reasons for this situation are as follows:Firstly,there is the lack of local standard introduction,testing and popularizing system,and blind introduction is common,which results in con-fusing varieties,mixed good with bad,and low economic benefits;Secondly,there are several shortcom-ings including backward breeding technology,insufficient mining of germplasm resources with excel-lent genetic traits,shortage of resources available for breakthrough breeding,lack of dominant varieties with local characteristics,and weak market competitiveness;Thirdly,the loquat commodity market cha-os exist,the brand creation and marketing strategy awareness are not strong,the competition in the in-dustry sales is not formed;the post-production cold chain and deep processing technology of fresh fruits lags behind,and the added value by promoting sustainable development of the industry is limited.Finally,extreme weathers such as drought,flood,cold and hot summer,occur frequently,and the sup-porting conditions of mountain orchard facilities are lagging behind,and the ability to resist the natural risks is not strong.In brief,this paper mainly analyzes the distribution characteristics of loquat germ-plasm resources,introduction and breeding,cultivation technology evolution,industrial development and constraint conditions in Guizhou,and puts forward the main tasks of the current and future develop-ment of loquat in Guizhou,so as to promote the high-quality development of Guizhou loquat,and help the revitalization of rural industry in Guizhou.关键词
枇杷/贵州/种质资源/分布/产业Key words
Loquat/Guizhou/Germplasm resources/Distribution/Industry分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
杨勇胜,陈树红,王道静,陈阳松,范付华,魏椿,余桃,江旭升,李庆宏,李斌..贵州枇杷种质资源分布及其产业发展概述[J].果树学报,2024,41(2):338-352,15.基金项目
贵州省农业科技攻关项目(黔科合NY[2014]3023号) （黔科合NY[2014]3023号）
贵州省精品水果现代农业技术体系(GZYTX2018) （GZYTX2018）
贵州省农业科技创新联盟科技协同项目(黔农科创联盟合[2022]01号) （黔农科创联盟合[2022]01号）
贵阳现代农业种质资源创新与技术集成试验示范(筑财编[2022]1号文件) （筑财编[2022]1号文件）
