猪感染尼帕病毒的流行特点及防控OA

Nipah virus disease(NVD)is an emerging zoonotic infectious disease that firstly appeared in Malaysia in 1998.NVD was caused by Nipah virus(NiV),which is highly contagious in pig population,with a mortality rate of 40%-75%in infected human.NiV is mainly transmitted through direct contact among pigs,or mechanically via equipment,vehicles,clothing,boots,dogs and cats;pigs,as the amplifiers of NiV transmission,mainly transmit the virus to human via respiratory droplets or infected tissues.As fruit bats are natural hosts of NiV,swine farms should be located far away from fruit-planting areas.No vaccines or drugs for NVD in human or animal have been approved,but virus live vector vaccines,virus glycoprotein subunit vaccines,particle-like virus vaccines and other candidate vaccines have shown good immune effects in animal models;early detection is the key to successfully prevent and control NiV infection,serological monitoring should be continuously conducted for pig population in high-risk areas where farms should follow strict biosafety management.In the paper,based on the outbreaks of NVD in pig population and human,the epidemiological characteristics of NiV infection in pigs were discussed,and prevention and control measures were proposed after analyzing the causes of the outbreaks,with a view to providing a reference for future prevention of the disease and emergency response to any sudden outbreak.