动物疫病活载体疫苗研究进展OA

The live vector vaccine,as one of the most promising genetic engineering vaccines currently and mainly used in the field of animal disease prevention and control,is a carrier system expressing exotic antigens and therapeutic factors by taking bacteria or viruses as vectors,characterized by the advantages of high safety,low risk of virulence reversion,low cost,inducing immune organisms to produce high-level humoral,cellular or mucosal immunity,etc.Virus vectors include DNA viruses(such as adenovirus,adeno-associated virus and smallpox virus)and RNA viruses(such as Newcastle disease virus and influenza virus);and bacterial vectors include attenuated pathogenic bacteria and non-pathogenic bacteria,mainly including Lactobacillus,Salmonella,Escherichia coli,etc.Vector-host balanced lethal system and microbial surface display system are the antigen presentation strategies commonly used by live vector vaccines,which,in combination with the development of multiple vaccine vectors,maximize the value of live vector vaccines.The optimal and most suitable live vector vaccines should be selected as appropriate,depending on their respective advantages and disadvantages in preventing diseases.In the paper,research progress on viral and bacterial live vector vaccines in the field of animal disease prevention and control was reviewed,with a view to providing a reference for relevant efforts in the future.