桂林市养老机构老年人卫生服务需要与利用研究OA
The needs and utilization of health services for the older people in nursing homes of Guilin
目的 了解养老机构老年人卫生服务需要及利用情况现状,分析影响养老机构老年人卫生服务需要及利用的因素,进而不断提升养老机构老年人的生命质量.方法 用自制的调查问卷,采用一对一访谈法进行现场问卷调查,通过EpiData 3.1和SPSS 25.0软件对资料进行整理与统计分析.结果 共调查15家养老机构的421名老年人.被调查养老机构老年人的两周患病率为28.57％,慢性病的患病率为52.09％,慢性病中患病率排前五位的分别是高血压、尘肺病、心脏病、脑血管疾病、糖尿病,两周患病就诊比例为76.36％,两周应就诊未就诊的比例为23.64％.慢性病住院率为42.21％,调查前一年内出现医生诊断需住院而未住院的比例为15.00％,应就诊未就诊或应住院而未住院的主要原因为经济原因、无有效措施、自感病轻.超过半数的老年人就诊住院选择综合性的二、三级医院.Logistic回归分析结果显示,婚姻状况、性别、经济来源、受教育程度影响养老机构老年人的卫生服务需要及利用.结论 养老机构老年人卫生服务需要相对较低,卫生服务利用程度偏低,且利用的医疗机构流向存在着不合理现象.养老机构应加强重点老年人群卫生服务需要和利用的健康管理,不断完善养老机构医疗服务与保障体系,将养老机构医疗服务纳入医疗保障范围,并将养老机构纳入医联体、医共体建设体系中.此外,养老机构还应加强相关职业病的治疗和健康管理.
Objective To know about the current status of health service needs and utilization of the eld-erly in nursing homes,to analyze the influencing factors,so as to keep improving the quality of life of the elderly in nursing homes.Methods A self-designed questionnaire and one-to-one interview were used for the survey,and the data were collected and analyzed by EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 25.0 software.Results A total of 421 elderly people from 15 nursing homes were surveyed.The two-week prevalence rate of the elderly in nursing homes sur-veyed was 28.57％,and the prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 52.09％.The top five chronic diseases with higher prevalence rates were hypertension,pneumoconiosis,heart disease,cerebrovascular disease and diabetes.The proportion of patients who received medical consultation in two weeks was 76.36％,and the proportion of those who should see a doctor but did not in two weeks was 23.64％.The hospitalization rate of chronic diseases was 42.21％.The proportion of patients who needed to be hospitalized but were not in the year before the survey was 15.00％.The main reasons for not seeing a doctor or not being hospitalized were financial difficulties,lack of effective therapy and self-awareness of being not seriously ill.More than half of the elderly chose level 2 and 3 general hospitals for hospitalization.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that marital status,gender,financial sources and educational background affected the health service needs and utilization of the elderly in nurs-ing homes.Conclusions The needs for health services among the elderly in nursing homes are relatively low.The degree of health service utilization is also low,and the flow direction of healthcare institutions utilized is un-reasonable.Nursing homes should strengthen the health management on the needs and utilization of health services for key elderly populations,continuously improve the health service and security system of nursing homes.And it is necessary to bring the health services of nursing homes into the health insurance system and include the nursing homes into medical associations or medical communities.In addition,nursing homes should also strengthen the treatment and health management of occupational diseases.
黄雨薇;赵文静;郭惠杰;汤琳琳;郭振友
桂林医学院公共卫生学院,广西桂林 541199桂林医学院人文与管理学院,广西桂林 541199
预防医学
养老机构老年人卫生服务需要卫生服务利用
Nursing homeThe elderlyHealth service needHealth service utilization
《中国农村卫生事业管理》 2024 (001)
19-25 / 7
国家自然科学基金项目(72064011)
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