表面活性剂对生菜生长及水氮运移的影响OACSTPCD
Effect of surfactants on lettuce growth and water and nitrogen transport in soil
[目的]探究表面活性剂对土壤水氮运移和生菜产量、品质及根系生长的作用效果.[方法]以石灰性褐土为供试土壤,选用 HydravanceTM200(湿润增效混合表面活性剂)、甲基葡糖醇聚醚-20(保湿单一表面活性剂)和渴以友(水分调节混合表面活性剂)3种表面活性剂,以清水灌溉为对照(CK),清水+HydravanceTM200(T1)、清水+甲基葡糖醇聚醚-20(T2)、清水+渴以友(T3)为添加表面活性剂处理,通过室内培养试验,研究表面活性剂对水氮运移及其空间分布的影响;在室内培养试验处理基础上,设置不施氮(N0)和施氮(N1)2个氮水平,采用双因素设计,共 8个处理,即CKN0、T1N0、T2N0、T3N0和CKN1、T1N1、T2N1、T3N1,以生菜为研究对象,研究 3种表面活性剂对盆栽生菜生长、品质以及氮素利用效率的影响.[结果]①室内培养试验表明:与CK相比,T1、T2、T3处理均能促进水分的横向运移,使其在土壤中均匀分布,降低下层(20～30 cm)土壤硝态氮量;②盆栽试验表明:与CKN1 处理相比,T1N1 处理生菜的地上部鲜质量和VC量分别提高了 26.61%和 175.61%,氮素利用率提高了 2.10 倍(P＜0.05);T2N1 处理VC量显著提高 104.88%(P＜0.05);T3N1 处理总根长和总体积分别提高61.98%和 112.90%(P＜0.05).与CKN0处理相比,T1N0处理生菜地上部鲜质量、VC量及硝酸盐量均显著降低,降幅分别为 19.57%、43.84%、81.75%;T2N0处理VC量和硝酸盐量分别降低了 24.66%和 86.52%(P＜0.05);T3N0处理硝酸盐量降低了 68.50%(P＜0.05),但总根长和总体积显著提高 51.64%和 87.18%(P＜0.05).[结论]3种表面活性剂均有利于促进水氮在土壤中均匀分布,不同氮水平条件下,3 种表面活性剂对生菜生长、产量、品质以及氮素利用率作用效果不同.
[Objective]Surfactants are soil conditioners to improve soil water flow and reduce soil erosion.This paper investigates their impact on water-nitrogen transport in soil,as well as yield,quality and root growth of greenhouse lettuce.[Method]The experiment was conducted in laboratory using a calcareous cinnamon soil.The soil was amended by three surfactants:HydravanceTM200(T1,moisturizing and synergistic surfactant mix),Methylglucosan polyether-20(T2,moisturizing single surfactant),and IrrigAid(T3,moisture-regulating surfactant mix),separately.For each surfactant amendment,there were two nitrogen treatments:without fertilization(N0)and nitrogen fertilization(N1).Soil without amendment by any surfactant was taken as the control(CK).During the experiment,we measured the changes in soil water content and soluble nitrogen content,as well as the growth and yield of the lettuce.[Result]① Compared to CK,T1,T2 and T3 enhanced the lateral movement of water in the soil,thereby leading to an even soil water distribution and a reduction in nitrate nitrogen content in the subsoil layer(20-30 cm).② According to the pot experiment,the above-ground fresh mass and VC content of lettuce in the T1N1 treatment increased by 26.61%and 175.61%,respectively,in addition to the 2.10 times increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency(P＜0.05).Compared to CKN1,T2N1 significantly increased VC content by 104.88%,while T3N1 significantly increased total root length and volume by 61.98%and 112.90%(P<0.05),respectively.In comparison with CKN0 treatment,the aboveground fresh mass,VC amount and nitrate amount of lettuce in T1N0 treatment were significantly reduced by 19.57%,43.84%and 81.75%,respectively;T2N0 reduced VC content and nitrate content by 24.66%and 86.52%(P＜0.05)respectively,and T3N0 reduced nitrate content by 68.50%(P＜0.05)and increased total root length and volume by 51.64%and 87.18%(P＜0.05)respectively.[Conclusion]All three surfactants increased lateral movement of water in the soil,thereby improved water and nitrogen distribution and their adsorption by lettuce roots.However,their efficiency in improving growth,yield,quality and nitrogen utilization of the lettuce depends on nitrogen fertilization.
石吉祥;王劲松;刘秋霞;王媛;焦晓燕;王立革
山西农业大学 资源环境学院,太原 030031
园艺学与植物营养学
表面活性剂生菜水氮运移
surfactantlettucewater-nitrogen transport
《灌溉排水学报》 2024 (004)
50-58 / 9
山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601013);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901101-3)
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