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内蒙古不同地区奶牛产奶量及乳品质比较研究OACSTPCD

A Comparative Study on Milk Yield and Quality of Dairy Cows in Different Regions of Inner Mongolia

中文摘要英文摘要

[目的]对内蒙古不同地区生鲜牛乳进行质量等级划分,并对农区与牧区、规模化牧场与散养户奶牛的单产以及乳品质进行比较.[方法]于 2023 年 10 月分别从呼和浩特市规模化奶牛养殖场、呼和浩特市散养户奶牛场、呼伦贝尔市奶牛养殖场、锡林郭勒盟奶牛养殖场采集生鲜乳样品各 30 批次,共120 批次,并收集各奶牛场生产记录信息.测定不同地区乳样的乳成分(乳脂率、乳蛋白率、总固体含量、非脂乳固体含量、乳糖含量)、体细胞数及菌落总数;依据《生牛乳质量分级》(NY/T 4054-2021)对3 个地区的生鲜乳进行质量等级划分;采用统计学方法比较农区(呼和浩特市)与牧区(呼伦贝尔市及锡林郭勒盟)、呼和浩特市规模化牧场与散养户奶牛的平均单产以及生鲜乳品质.[结果]锡林郭勒盟牛场生鲜乳的乳脂率和菌落总数(6.16%,83.10×104 CFU/mL)显著(P<0.05)高于呼和浩特市(3.96%,14.05×104 CFU/mL)和呼伦贝尔市(4.15%,38.94×104 CFU/mL);呼伦贝尔市牛场的生鲜乳体细胞数(39.99 万个/mL)显著(P<0.05)高于锡林郭勒盟(18.18 万个/mL)和呼和浩特市(18.35 万个/mL);根据生牛乳质量分级标准,呼和浩特市牛场的生鲜乳为特优级,呼伦贝尔市和锡林郭勒盟牛场的生鲜乳为优级.农区牛场奶牛的平均单产和生鲜乳乳糖含量(29.07 kg/d,5.14%)显著(P<0.05)高于牧区(16.56 kg/d,4.85%);牧区牛场生鲜乳的乳脂率、体细胞数和菌落总数(4.88%,48.39 万个/mL,49.52×104 CFU/mL)显著(P<0.05)高于农区牛场(4.05%,20.20 万个/mL,13.99×104 CFU/mL).呼和浩特市规模化牛场奶牛的平均单产以及生鲜乳非脂乳固体和乳糖含量(34.46 kg/d,9.44%,5.19%)显著(P<0.05)高于散养户(20.71 kg/d,9.21%,5.07%);散养户的生鲜乳体细胞数(23.24 万个/mL)显著(P<0.05)高于规模化牛场(16.04 万个/mL).[结论]呼和浩特市生鲜乳质量优于呼伦贝尔市和锡林郭勒盟,农区牛场奶牛的产奶量及生鲜乳品质优于牧区,规模化牧场奶牛的产奶量及生鲜乳品质优于散养户.

[Objective]The present study was conducted to evaluate the quality grade of fresh dairy milk in different regions of Inner Mongolia,and to compare the milk yield and quality of dairy cows between agricultural and pastoral areas as well as between large-scale farms and scatter-feed households.[Method]In October 2023,a total of 120 batches of fresh milk samples were collected from large-scale farms in Hohhot City,scatter-feed households in Hohhot City,dairy farms in Hulun Buir City,and dairy farms in Xilin Gol League,with 30 batches each.Production record information of the dairy cows was also collected.The milk composition(milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,total solids content,non-fat milk solids content,lactose content),somatic cell count and total bacterial count of the samples collected from different regions were tested,and the samples were subsequently subjected to the quality grade evaluation according to the Quality Grading of Raw Cow Milk(NY/T 4054-2021).Statistical methods were used to compare the average individual milk yield and milk quality of dairy cows between agricultural area(Hohhot City)and pastoral area(Hulun Buir City and Xilin Gol League),as well as between large-scale farms and scatter-feed households in Hohhot City.[Result]The milk fat percentage and total bacterial count(6.16%,83.10×104 CFU/mL)of the samples collected from Xilin Gol League were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those collected from Hohhot City(3.96%,14.05×104 CFU/mL)and Hulun Buir City(4.15%,38.94×104 CFU/mL).The milk somatic cell count of the samples collected from Hulun Buir City(399 900 cells/mL)was significantly(P<0.05)higher than those collected from Xilin Gol League(181 800 cells/mL)and Hohhot City(183 500 cells/mL).According to the Quality Grading of Raw Cow Milk,the milk samples collected from Hohhot City were determined as extra-premium grade,and those collected from Hulun Buir City and Xilin Gol League were both determined as premium grade.The dairy cows in agricultural area had significantly(P<0.05)higher average individual milk yield and milk lactose content(29.07 kg/d,5.14%)than those in pastoral area(16.56 kg/d,4.85%).The milk fat percentage,somatic cell count and total bacterial count of the samples collected from pastoral area(4.88%,483 900 cells/mL,49.52×104 CFU/mL)were significantly(P<0.05)higher than agricultural area(4.05%,202 000 cells/mL,13.99×104 CFU/mL).Significantly(P<0.05)higher average individual milk yield as well as milk non-fat milk solids content and lactose content were observed in the dairy cows in large-scale dairy farms(34.46 kg/d,9.44%,5.19%)compared with scatter-feed households(20.71 kg/d,9.21%,5.07%)in Hohhot City,while significantly(P<0.05)higher milk somatic cell count was observed in scatter-feed households(232 400 cells/mL)compared with large-scale dairy farms(160 400 cells/mL).[Conclusion]The quality of fresh dairy milk in Hohhot City was better than that in Hulun Buir City and Xilin Gol League.Dairy cows in agricultural area had higher milk yield and better milk quality than those in pastoral area.The milk yield and quality of dairy cows in large-scale farms were superior to those in scatter-feed households.

张莹;王丽芳;张腾龙;钟华晨;宋洁;郭晨阳;刘嘉琳

农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(呼和浩特)/农业农村部草食家畜健康养殖与畜产品品质调控重点实验室(部省共建)/内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院/内蒙古自治区农牧业质量安全与检测研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031

畜牧业

内蒙古奶牛产奶量乳品质比较研究

Inner Mongoliadairy cowmilk yieldmilk qualitycomparative study

《畜牧与饲料科学》 2024 (002)

82-87,102 / 7

内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0029,2023YFDZ0008);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021LHMS03014);内蒙古自治区农牧业科技转移转化资金项目"奶牛疾病绿色防控技术应用示范"(2022TG16).

10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2024.02.010

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