不同施肥模式下褐土的有机碳组分及碳固存效应变化OA北大核心CSTPCD
Organic carbon composition and carbon sequestration function of cinnamon soil as affected by fertilization modes
[目的]基于长期定位试验,研究长期有机无机肥配施下褐土有机碳含量及其组分构成的演变特征,以深入了解有机肥对土壤碳固存能力的影响机制,为通过科学养分管理实现褐土生态环境稳定和提高生产力提供理论依据.[方法]有机无机肥配施试验于 1992 年在山西寿阳旱地农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站进行,种植制度为一年一季玉米.试验采用氮、磷、有机肥三因素四水平正交设计,共 18 个处理,本研究选择其中的 9 个处理:N0P0M0、N1P1M0、N2P2M0、N3P3M0、N4P4M0、N2P1M1、N3P2M3、N4P2M2、N0P0M6.N0、N1、N2、N3、N4 的施N量分别为 0、60、120、180、240 kg/hm2,P0、P1、P2、P3、P4 的施P2O5 量分别为 0、37.5、75、112.5、150 kg/hm2,M0、M1、M2、M3、M6 的有机肥用量分别为 0、22.5、45、67.5、135 t/hm2.以 5 年为 1 个周期,分别在 1996、2001、2006、2011、2016、2020 年玉米收获后,采集 0-20 cm土层土壤样品,测定土壤有机质含量,以及有机碳各组分含量,分析碳投入与土壤有机碳及其各碳组分含量之间的关系,探讨固碳速率和固碳效率在不同碳投入下的响应.[结果]连续试验 29 年后,与不施肥处理N0P0M0 相比,化肥有机肥配合处理N2P1M1、N3P2M3、N4P2M2 和N0P0M6 的土壤有机碳含量分别提高了 25.7%、72.4%、30.3%和 220%,各项碳组分含量均显著增加.与初始值相比,化肥处理N1P1M0、N3P3M0、N4P4M0 的土壤颗粒有机碳含量分别降低了0.41、0.89 和 0.41 g/kg,易氧化有机碳含量分别大幅降低了 40.3%、26.4%和 9.6%.各处理土壤碳库管理指数的年际变化总体表现为先大幅降低再逐渐上升的趋势,其中N0P0M6 处理碳库管理指数最高,较N0P0M0 处理提高了 6.6 倍.长期施肥定位试验中,化肥配施有机肥处理N2P1M1、N3P2M3、N4P2M2 的土壤总有机碳固定速率在0.22～0.58 t/(hm2∙a),远高于化肥处理N1P1M0、N2P2M0、N3P3M0、N4P4M0,土壤有机碳各组分的固持速率变化趋势与总有机碳基本一致.现阶段土壤各组分有机碳储量和增加量与累积碳投入间呈显著正线性相关关系(P<0.01),且仍未出现饱和现象.[结论]长期有机无机肥配合施用显著增加了褐土有机碳及其组分含量,提高了土壤固碳速率和固碳潜力,且施用高量有机肥最有利于农田土壤碳固持和维持土壤肥力.因此,长期有机培肥是有效提高褐土土壤质量和增强土壤碳"汇"功能的农田施肥措施.
[Objectives]We studied the evolution of organic carbon content and composition of cinnamon soil based on a long-term positioning experiment,to deeply understand the mechanism of organic fertilizer on the carbon sequestration of soil,and to provide nutrient management basis for improving the function and productivity of cinnamon soil in maintaining ecological environment stability.[Methods]The long-term fertilization experiment was started since 1992,and located in the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of the Dry Land Agricultural Ecosystem in Shouyang,Shanxi Province,with planting system of one crop a year.An orthogonal design of three factors and four levels was used for the experiment,and nine of the 18 treatments were chosen for this research,including one blank control(N0P0M0),four chemical fertilizer treatments(N1P1M0,N2P2M0,N3P3M0,and N4P4M0),and four chemical and manure combination treatments(N2P1M1,N3P2M3,N4P2M2,and N0P0M6).The N amounts for N0,N1,N2,N3 and N4 were 0,60,120,180 and 240 kg/hm2;the P2O5 amounts in P0,P1,P2,P3 and P4 were 0,37.5,75,112.5 and 150 kg/hm2;the organic fertilizer dosage in M0,M1,M2,M3 and M6 were 0,22.5,45,67.5 and 135 t/hm2,respectively.After harvesting maize in 1996,2001,2006,2011,2016 and 2020,soil samples in 0-20 cm soil layer were collected to determine the content of total and individual component of organic carbon.The relationship between carbon input and the content of total and individual organic carbon component,and the response of carbon sequestration rate and efficiency of treatment soils were assessed.[Results]After 29 years of continuous experiments,N2P1M1,N3P2M3,N4P2M2 and N0P0M6 treatments increased the total soil organic carbon content by 25.7%,72.4%,30.3%and 220%,respectively,and significantly increased the contents of various carbon components.Compared with the respective initial values,N0P0M0,N1P1M0,N3P3M0 and N4P4M0 treatments decreased soil particulate organic carbon content by 0.41,0.89,and 0.41 g/kg,and drastically decreased the readily oxidizable carbon content by 40.3%,26.4%and 9.6%,respectively.During the 29 years period,the soil carbon pool management indices of all the treatments decreased sharply at first and then gradually increased,N0P0M6 treatment exhibited the highest carbon pool management index,which was 6.6 times higher than that of N0P0M0.The total soil organic carbon sequestration rates in N2P1M1,N3P2M3,and N4P2M2 treatments were 0.22-0.58 t/(hm2∙a),which were much higher than those in N1P1M0,N2P2M0,N3P3M0,and N4P4M0 treatments.The increment of all the organic carbon components showed a positive and linear relationship with the cumulative carbon input,and did not reach platform within the tested organic carbon input levels yet.[Conclusions]Long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly increases the total and various components of organic carbon contents,and increases the carbon sequestration rate and potential of the cinnamon soil.High organic fertilizer application rate is conducive to soil carbon sequestration and fertility maintenance,therefore,is considered an effective fertilization measurement to improve the fertility and function of carbon sink of cinnamon soil.
王雅润;赵娟;杨振兴;周怀平;解文艳;刘志平
山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太原 030031
长期施肥褐土有机碳组分固碳效率
long-term fertilizationcinnamon soilorganic carbon componentscarbon sequestration efficiency
《植物营养与肥料学报》 2024 (003)
469-481 / 13
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1900402,2021YFD1900705);科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100501);山西农业大学科技创新提升工程项目(CXGC2023025).
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