水产学报2024，Vol.48Issue(4)：96-111,16.DOI:10.11964/jfc.20230513996
膳食纤维过量摄入对鱼类的致病作用和机制
Pathogenic effects of excessive intake of dietary fiber on fish and its mechanisms
摘要
Abstract
Due to the needs of environmental protection and cost control,the amount of plant feedstuffs used in aquatic formula feed is increasing.Plant feedstuffs are rich in dietary fibers(DFs),which resulted in over 30%of DFs contained in common commercial aquatic commercial feeds.However,their impacts on fish physiology are still largely overlooked.This article introduces the definition,classification,physicochemical properties,ferment-ability,and content of DFs in common plant feedstuffs,with a focus on the research findings of the author and team in the fish physiology of DFs.We noticed that hemorrhage,white feces,enteritis,skin-rotting,gill-rotting,hepatic steatosis and fibrosis,green liver,white liver,gallbladder enlargement and even mass deaths could be induced in yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)when diet included 20%-30%DFs.Similar symptoms had also been observed in largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)and grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)fed high DFs diet.The pathogenic effect of DFs was related not only to the content of DFs in the diet but also to the types of DFs.Pectin was much more pathogenic to P.fulvidraco than cellulose.The pathogenic mechanism of DFs is related to their interference with bile acids(BAs)homeostasis and intestinal microbial homeostasis.DFs have the capacity of binding to BAs,which prevents BAs from activating BA receptors such as FXR.FXR negative feed-back regulates the synthesis of BAs and inhibits inflammatory reactions.As a result,high levels of DFs caused hypersynthesis of BAs,increasing of the BAs level in tissues and their hydrophobicity,and interfed with the circa-dian rhythm of BAs,further inducing inflammatory reactions and tissue necrosis due to the cytotoxicity of BAs.Some DFs are fermentable,which caused structural changes in the gut microbiota(might also be duo to the anti-bacterial effect of BAs).The disorder of intestinal microbial homeostasis further aggravates metabolic disorders,including BAs metabolic disorder.The disease symptoms and progression induced by DFs can also be improved by the other stress factors.Based on the pathogenesis of DFs,the diseases can be prevented and controlled by lim-iting the intake of DFs,adding BAs and taurine to the diet,and avoiding the superposition effect of DFs with other stress factors.This study for the first time elucidates the pathogenicity of excessive intake of DFs on fish and its potential mechanisms,providing a new perspective for the high-value utilization of plant feedstuffs and optimiza-tion of feed formulation,suggesting a new approach for fish disease prevention and control.Further clarification should be provided on the types,levels,and characteristics of DFs in different plant feedstuffs,as well as the toler-ance range of aquatic animals to DFs.关键词
鱼类/膳食纤维/非感染性炎症/胆汁酸/法尼醇X受体/肠道微生物Key words
fish/dietary fiber/non infectious inflammation/bile acid/FXR/microflora分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
蔡春芳,任胜杰,万金娟,姚仕彬,吴萍,曹霞敏,叶元土..膳食纤维过量摄入对鱼类的致病作用和机制[J].水产学报,2024,48(4):96-111,16.基金项目
江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金(BE2022422) （BE2022422）
江苏省现代农业(大宗鱼类)产业技术体系(JATS[2023]369,117) Provincial Science and Technology Innovative Program for Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutral-ity of Jiangsu of China(BE2022422) （大宗鱼类）
Jiangsu Modern Agricultural(Fresh Fish)Industrial Technology System(JATS[2023]369,117) （Fresh Fish）
