丘陵山地拖拉机调平与防翻关键技术研究现状与发展趋势OACSTPCD

[Significance]The mechanization,automation and intelligentization of agricultural equipment are key factors to improve operation effi-ciency,free up labor force and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.It is also the hot spot of research and development of agricultural machinery industry in the future.In China,hills and mountains serves as vital production bases for agricultural prod-ucts,accounting for about 70%of the country's land area.In addition,these regions face various environmental factors such as steep slopes,narrow road,small plots,complex terrain and landforms,as well as harsh working environment.Moreover,there is a lack of re-liable agricultural machinery support across various production stages,along with a shortage of theoretical frameworks to guide the re-search and development of agricultural machinery tailored to hilly and mountainous locales. [Progress]This article focuses on the research advances of tractor leveling and anti-overturning systems in hilly and mountainous ar-eas,including tractor body,cab and seat leveling technology,tractor rear suspension and implement leveling slope adaptive technolo-gy,and research progress on tractor anti-overturning protection devices and warning technology.The vehicle body leveling mecha-nism can be roughly divided into five types based on its different working modes:parallel four bar,center of gravity adjustable,hy-draulic differential high,folding and twisting waist,and omnidirectional leveling.These mechanisms aim to address the issue of vehi-cle tilting and easy overturning when traversing or working on sloping or rugged roads.By keeping the vehicle body posture horizon-tal or adjusting the center of gravity within a stable range,the overall driving safety of the vehicle can be improved to ensure the accu-racy of operation.Leveling the driver's cab and seats can mitigate the lateral bumps experienced by the driver during rough or sloping operations,reducing driver fatigue and minimizing strain on the lumbar and cervical spine,thereby enhancing driving comfort.The adaptive technology of tractor rear suspension and implement leveling on slopes can ensure that the tractor maintains consistent hori-zontal contact with the ground in hilly and mountainous areas,avoiding changes in the posture of the suspended implement with the swing of the body or the driving path,which may affect the operation effect.The tractor rollover protection device and warning tech-nology have garnered significant attention in recent years.Prioritizing driver safety,rollover warning system can alert the driver in ad-vance of the dangerous state of the tractor,automatically adjust the vehicle before rollover,or automatically open the rollover protec-tion device when it is about to rollover,and timely send accident reports to emergency contacts,thereby ensuring the safety of the driv-er to the greatest extent possible. [Conclusions and Prospects]The future development directions of hill and mountain tractor leveling,anti-overturning early warning,un-manned,automatic technology were looked forward:Structure optimization,high sensitivity,good stability of mountain tractor level-ing system research;Study on copying system of agricultural machinery with good slope adaptability;Research on anti-rollover early warning technology of environment perception and automatic interference;Research on precision navigation technology,intelligent monitoring technology and remote scheduling and management technology of agricultural machinery;Theoretical study on longitudi-nal stability of sloping land.This review could provide reference for the research and development of high reliability and high safety mountain tractor in line with the complex working environment in hill and mountain areas.