表面技术2024，Vol.53Issue(13)：1-12,32,13.DOI:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.13.001
脉冲激光辅助激光增材制造研究进展
Research Progress on Pulse Laser-assisted Laser Additive Manufacturing
摘要
Abstract
Laser additive manufacturing is an additive manufacturing technology that uses high-energy laser beams as a heat source to gradually form materials point by point and layer by layer with computer-assisted control. Typical laser additive manufacturing technologies include laser powder bed fusion and laser directed energy deposition. Among them, laser directed energy deposition technology can be used for component manufacturing, repair, and surface treatment. When used for surface treatment, it is also known as laser cladding technology. Compared with traditional manufacturing technologies, laser additive manufacturing reduces the reliance on molds and fixtures, enables rapid formation of complex components, shortens the product development cycle and manufacturing process, and has huge potential application demand in aerospace, automotive, biomedicine, and many other fields. However, during the laser additive manufacturing process, the high temperature gradient in the melt pool leads to a strong tendency for the solidification structure to grow epitaxially along the deposition direction. For example, the grain growth of titanium alloy formed by laser directed energy deposition can penetrate multiple deposition layers or even the entire specimen, resulting in anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the components. Additionally, the strong interaction between the laser and the material, as well as rapid solidification, lead to the formation of defects such as pores during the forming process. Furthermore, high residual tensile stresses are formed on the component surface, reducing the comprehensive mechanical properties of the formed components. In order to address these issues, scholars at home and abroad have attempted to improve the forming quality and mechanical properties of components by combining other technologies in the laser additive manufacturing process, such as electromagnetic field-assisted laser additive manufacturing, ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser additive manufacturing, and pulsed laser-assisted laser additive manufacturing. Among these technologies, the pulsed laser-assisted laser additive manufacturing is a non-contact composite manufacturing technology with advantages such as good processing flexibility and high controllability, which can effectively regulate the component structure, suppress formation defects, and improve residual stress distribution. In the process of pulsed laser-assisted laser additive manufacturing, the control mechanisms differ significantly depending on the target of pulsed laser action. This paper divides pulsed laser-assisted laser additive manufacturing into two cases: pulsed laser acting on the solid phase zone and acting on the melt pool zone. When pulsed laser acts on the solid phase zone, this technology is also known as laser shock peening-assisted laser additive manufacturing. Depending on the timing relationship between laser additive manufacturing and pulsed laser impact, it can be divided into asynchronous and synchronous laser shock peening-assisted laser additive manufacturing. The asynchronous type includes surface laser shock and interlayer laser shock. When pulsed laser acts on the melt pool zone, this technology is also known as pulsed laser shock melt pool-assisted laser additive manufacturing. This paper reviews recent research results from domestic and foreign sources for the cases where pulsed laser acts on the solid phase zone and the melt pool zone, respectively, summarizing the organizational, defect, and stress control mechanisms under different conditions. Finally, the research progress of pulsed laser-assisted laser additive manufacturing technology is summarized, and the future development direction is prospected.关键词
激光增材制造/脉冲激光冲击/组织/成形缺陷/残余应力Key words
laser additive manufacturing/pulse laser impact/microstructure/formation defects/residual stress分类
矿业与冶金引用本文复制引用
郑敏,黄婷,肖荣诗..脉冲激光辅助激光增材制造研究进展[J].表面技术,2024,53(13):1-12,32,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2023YFB4606601) （2023YFB4606601）
国家自然科学基金(52275303)National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFB4606601) （52275303）
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(52275303) （52275303）
