近30a东昆仑阿牙克库木湖水量变化及其补给关系研究OA北大核心CSTPCD

With the warming of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the trend of increase in the number and size of plateau lakes is on the rise,with a noticeable expansion of lakes over the Kumkuli Basin in the eastern Kunlun Moun-tains.Ayakkum Lake is the largest saltwater lake in the Kumkuli Basin,and the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedi-tion data indicates that the lake has expanded to become the largest lake in Xinjiang.Based on the expedition data and remote sensing imagery,this study analyzes and subsequently discusses the change in the water volume of Ay-akkum Lake and replenishment of its water sources,including glacier,permafrost,temperature,and precipitation.The results show that:(1)The area of Ayakkum Lake expanded from 623.03 km2 in 1990 to 1141.67 km2 in 2023,and the lake level rose by 7.28 m from 2002 to 2023,corresponding to an increase in water storage of 66.64×108 m3.(2)The glacier area in the Ayakkum Lake Basin decreased by 16.4 km2 from 1990 to 2023,with a volume reduc-tion of 1.96 km3.Until 2023,there were 451 glaciers with a total area of 324.26 km2 in the region.(3)A distribu-tion map of permafrost over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 2010 shows that the continuous permafrost area was 12395 km2 and seasonal permafrost area was 10652 km2.(4)A water balance analysis of the area indicates that glacier and permafrost meltwater account for 9%and 5%of the total inflow into Ayakkum Lake,respectively,whereas runoff from land surface precipitation in seasonal frost and permafrost regions accounts for 67%of the total inflow into Ayakkum Lake.Additionally,replenishment to the lake water surface via direct precipitation ac-counts for 19%of the total inflow into Ayakkum Lake.In other words,the expansion of the lake mainly resulted from an increase in precipitation over the Ayakkum Lake Basin.This study reveals the land surface hydrological processes in the Kumkuli Basin and provides reference for local governments to optimize water resource alloca-tion and management.