基于多维度指标的小麦种子田间分布质量评价方法研究OA北大核心CSTPCD

[Objective]Precision seeding technology is one of the key ways to achieve reasonable crop group and ensure the increase of crop yield.However,there is a lack of the methods for testing and evaluating the precision of seeding quality as well as the methods of quantitatively evaluating the spatial distribution of post-sowing seeds in soil volume,and the response of crop emergence rate,yield,and its components to different precision sowing technologies.[Method]A precise seeding quality evaluation method based on multi-dimensional indicators was constructed using information technologies such as in-situ laser seed position tester,3D digitization,and Python.The indicators included one-dimensional evaluation indicators(seed straightness),two-dimensional evaluation indicators(seed dispersion),and three-dimensional evaluation indicators(seed homogeneous nutrient utilization rate).Afterwards,a 2-year precision sowing experiment on wheat was conducted using a precision sowing test bench in a residential area.Nine treatments were used,including a row spacing of 20 cm,and a combination of seed spacing×sowing depth of 1.5 cm×2 cm(A1B1),1.5 cm×3 cm(A1B2),1.5 cm×6 cm(A1B3),3 cm×2 cm(A2B1),3 cm×3 cm(A2B2),3 cm×6 cm(A2B3),4.5 cm×2 cm(A3B1),4.5 cm×3 cm(A3B2),and 4.5 cm×6 cm(A3B3).This experiment was conducted to verify the quality evaluation method of this sowing.[Result]The experimental results showed that the seed straightness was better in the A2B3 treatment for 2 years,with coefficients of variation of 28.63%and 32.67%,respectively;The seed dispersion was better in the A2B1 treatment for 2 years,with coefficients of variation of 28.17%and 30.14%,respectively;The seed homogeneous nutrient utilization rate reached its maximum value of 91.33%in A2B1 treatment(2021-2022).There was a significant correlation at the 0.01 level between the seed homogeneous nutrient utilization rate and crop emergence rate,yield per plant,total number of grains per plant,and thousand grain weight.[Conclusion]A precise comprehensive evaluation method for seeding quality based on multi-dimensional indicators such as seed straightness,seed dispersion,and seed homogeneous nutrient utilization rate can accurately analyze the distribution quality of seeds in the field after sowing.In addition,the analysis method of the response relationship between seed-soil homogeneous nutrition rate and crop emergence rate,yield per plant and yield components is also conducive to establishing the relationship between precise seeding technology and crop growth and promoting the integrated development of agricultural machinery and agronomy.