人口与经济Issue(4)：70-83,14.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2024.00.034
中国家庭财富分布的极化特征
The Polarization of Chinese Household Wealth Distribution:Measurement and Analysis Based on Relative Distribution Method
摘要
Abstract
Based on CFPS data from 2010 to 2020,this paper analyzes the changing trend of household wealth polarization by the recently-extended relative distribution method;meanwhile,it analyzes the internal causes of the change of wealth distribution by the quantile regression and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method.The results show that the polarization of household wealth in China has an expanding trend,where the polarization of wealth is mainly from the middle level to the lower end,being a serious polarization of the lower level.The phased analysis found that the polarization of wealth was mainly from 2010 to 2018,where the polarization of wealth significantly weakened after 2018.The analysis of micro causes of wealth polarization shows that the improvement of endowment structure of low wealth groups can effectively suppress the lower polarization,while the alleviation of upper polarization mainly comes from the effect of coefficient effect.Since 2018,rising household incomes,a declining rural population,and a general increase in the level of education of the population have weakened the downward polarization of wealth,while the rural-urban wealth gap and returns to education have suppressed the upward polarization of wealth.The decomposition within urban and rural areas reveals that the educational returns is not significant in rural households,while health is an important factor of rural wealth polarization.The policy implication of this paper is that wealth adjustment policies should pay attention to the vulnerability of middle-class families,increase wealth accumulation channels for low-and middle-income families,and promote the growth and stability of the middle class.To restrain the downward polarization of wealth,we should emphasize the optimization of endowment structure of low-wealth groups,while reducing upper polarization should focus on regulating wealth disparities and returns.关键词
财富极化/相对分布/结构效应/成因分解Key words
wealth polarization/relative distribution/structural change/factor decomposition分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
王晶,董日宇,高艳云..中国家庭财富分布的极化特征[J].人口与经济,2024,(4):70-83,14.基金项目
国家社会科学基金重点项目"国内国际双循环测度与评价研究"(22AZD140) （22AZD140）
教育部人文社会科学研究项目"社会调查中高收入群体信息缺失的推断方法及应用研究"(21YJA910003) （21YJA910003）
山西省"科技战略"一般项目"山西省乡村振兴进程的统计监测体系设计"(202104031402099). （202104031402099）
