棉-粮-油菜宽带轮作提升作物产量和光能利用率OA北大核心CSTPCD
Broadband crop rotation of cotton-grain-rape improved crop yield and light utilization efficiency
棉-粮-油菜宽带轮作种植模式,能够充分利用农田资源,但种植体系内不同作物光能资源利用特性尚不明确.本研究在田间设置棉花单作(对照)、小麦-玉米一年两熟(对照)和棉花-小麦-玉米-油菜宽带轮作(以下简称"宽带轮作")3种种植模式,测定棉花、玉米和小麦的产量、地上部干物质重以及叶面积指数、消光系数、光能截获量等指标.结果表明,与棉花单作比较,棉花宽带轮作单位面积产量和地上部干物重分别显著增加15.20％和10.35％.与小麦-玉米一年两熟比较,玉米和小麦宽带轮作的单位面积产量分别显著增加21.61％和11.53％,玉米地上部干物质重显著增加6.17％.7月16日(盛花期)至9月13日(吐絮期),棉花宽带轮作叶面积指数比棉花单作显著增加7.21％～12.76％,7月24日(盛花期)和8月4日(盛铃期),棉花宽带轮作光能截获率比棉花单作分别显著降低3.59％和3.24％.玉米和小麦宽带轮作的叶面积指数、消光系数和光能截获率未发生显著变化.与棉花单作、小麦-玉米一年两熟比较,棉花宽带轮作和玉米宽带轮作的全生育期光能截获量分别显著降低3.14％和显著增加0.76％,小麦宽带轮作的全生育期光能截获量未发生显著变化,棉花、玉米和小麦的光能利用率分别显著增加18.81％、6.76％和14.10％.本试验条件下,边行优势和轮作效应同时发挥作用增加了棉花、玉米和小麦的单位面积产量以及棉花和玉米的地上部干物质重,改善作物干物质的积累和分配,进而提升棉花、玉米和小麦的光能利用率.该研究明确了棉-粮-油菜宽带轮作对作物产量和冠层光能利用率的影响,可为该模式的推广应用提供理论基础.
Cotton-grain-rape broadband crop rotation can efficiently utilize farmland resources;however,the utilization characterist-ics of the light energy resources of different crops in this planting system are still unclear.Three treatments were used in this study:cotton monoculture(T1),wheat-maize rotation(T2)and broadband crop rotation of cotton-grain crop-rape(T3).The yields of cotton,maize,and wheat,and dry matter weight,leaf area index,extinction coefficient,light energy interception,and other indicators were determined.Compared with T1,T3 increased the yields and dry weight of cotton by 15.20％and 10.35％,respectively.Compared with T2,T3 increased the yields of maize and wheat by 21.61％and 11.53％,respectively,and the dry weight of maize increased by 6.17％.From July 16th to September 13th,the leaf area index of T3 significantly increased by 7.21％-12.76％,compared to that of T1.In July 24th and August 4th,the light interception rate of cotton of T3 significantly decreased by 3.59％and 3.24％,respectively,compared to that of T1.The leaf area index,extinction coefficient,and PAR(photosynthetically active radiation)interception effi-ciencies of maize and wheat did not differ significantly under different treatments.Compared with T1 and T2,the light interception of the entire growth period of cotton was reduced by 3.14％in T3,while the light interception of the entire growth period of maize in-creased by 0.76％significantly.No significant difference was noted in light interception throughout the wheat growth period.The light-use efficiencies of cotton,maize,and wheat increased significantly by 18.81％,6.76％,and 14.10％,respectively.In this experi-ment,the edge row advantage and rotation effect simultaneously increased the yield of cotton,maize,and wheat as well as the above-ground dry matter weight of cotton and maize,improved the accumulation and distribution of crop dry matter,and thereby enhanced the light energy utilization efficiency of cotton,maize,and wheat.This study clarified the effects of cotton-grain-rape broadband crop rotation on the yield and canopy light energy utilization of cotton,maize,and wheat,providing a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of this model.
董明;张谦;王燕;王树林;冯国艺;梁青龙;祁虹;赵贵元
河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业农村部黄准海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/国家棉花改良中心河北分中心 石家庄 050051
农业科学
棉花玉米小麦宽带轮作产量光能利用
CottonMaizeWheatBroadband rotationYieldLight use efficiency
《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》 2024 (007)
1159-1169 / 11
河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费(2023070101)、国家棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-18)和河北省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(HBCT2023070203)资助 This study was supported by the Basic Research Funds of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(2023070101),China Agriculture Research System-Cotton(CARS-15-18),and Hebei Province Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Innovation Project(HBCT2023070203).
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