北京外来入侵植物的演变、分布特征及影响因素OA北大核心CSTPCD
Evolution,distribution characteristics and influencing factors of alien invasive plants in Beijing
[目的]北京外来入侵植物问题尤其突出,但其入侵和扩散的时空规律、影响因素尚不清楚,给制定相关管理措施带来挑战.本研究旨在厘清入侵植物在北京的动态规律及社会经济影响因素,为制定应对措施,有效防治外来入侵植物侵害提供信息和技术支撑.[方法]基于已有文献、专著和相关数据库信息,重新构建了北京外来入侵植物数据库,分析北京外来入侵植物的构成特征、入侵特点及危害,采用GIS、SPSS相关软件分析外来入侵植物的时间演变、空间分布特点,并与社会经济变量进行相关性分析.[结果](1)北京外来入侵植物共 101 种,菊科植物最多;以一年生草本植物为主;原产地主要是美洲;主要入侵途径是人类活动造成的有意和无意引入;传播扩散活动多数依赖结实量大的特点;均会挤占本地种生态位;超过 1/5属于国家重点关注防控的外来入侵植物;(2)不同时间阶段年均植物入侵数量具有极显著差异,经历了低、高和稳定 3 个阶段,入侵植物累计种数与历史事件累计次数、人口、货运量等社会经济因素呈极显著正相关;(3)空间分布格局中丰富度分布和密度分布的热点地区不同,入侵植物密度与常住人口密度、绿化覆盖率呈极显著相关.[结论]北京入侵植物的演变和分布特征除了受其自身入侵性的限制外,还受到社会经济发展及城市化等人类活动因素的影响,应预防、控制、消灭三管齐下,综合治理.
[Aim]Invasion by alien plants is a prominent phenomenon in Beijing.However,the spatial and temporal patterns of this invasion and the factors influencing the diffusion of invasive plants in Beijing remain unclear,which poses a challenge to the formu-lation of relevant management measures.This study aimed to clarify the dynamic rules and socioeconomic factors characterizing inva-sive plants in Beijing to gain informational and technical insights with which to formulate countermeasures to effectively prevent and control invasive plants.[Method]Based on the existing literature,monographs,and related database information,a database of alien invasive plants in Beijing was constructed,from which we analyzed the composition,invasion characteristics,and negative effects of each alien invasive plants.Furthermore,the temporal pattern and spatial distribution were examined and analyzed for corre-lations with social and economic variables influencing invasiveness using the GIS and SPSS software.[Result]A total of 101 species of alien invasive plants in Beijing were found and analyzed.Compositae was the dominant family,with most specimens being annual herbs native to the America.The main routes of invasion were found to be either intentional or accidental introductions caused by hu-man activities.Propagation and diffusion activities mostly depended on the abundance of seeds and the wind dispersal of seeds be-yond human control.The specimens were found to compete by occupying the niches of local species.More than one-fifth of the alien invasive plants were the focus of national prevention and control.[Conclusion]The changes and distribution of invasive plants in Beijing were not only found to be limited by their own invasive characteristics,but were also markedly affected by human activities related to social and economic development and urbanization.These findings underlie the importance of preventing further introduc-tions and either eliminating or controlling established invasions in a more comprehensive manner.
胡璐祎;张渊媛;原雪姣;杨峥;钟震宇;白加德;桑卫国
中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京 100081||北京生物多样性保护研究中心,北京 100076北京生物多样性保护研究中心,北京 100076||北京麋鹿生态实验中心,北京 100076中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京 100081
北京外来入侵植物时空动态驱动因素对策
Beijingalien invasive speciesspatial-temporal dynamicsdriving factorcountermeasures
《生物安全学报（中英文）》 2024 (003)
250-259 / 10
北京市财政项目(11000022T000000440602)
评论