石油物探2024，Vol.63Issue(4)：755-765,11.DOI:10.12431/issn.1000-1441.2024.63.04.005
深度域保真与高分辨期望成像子波
Depth domain expected imaging wavelet with high-fidelity and high-resolution
摘要
Abstract
The concept of seismic resolution has very important guiding significance in seismic data acquisition,seismic imaging and seismic geological interpretation.The description method of seismic resolution using dominant frequency,dominant frequency band and even octave of seismic wavelet is insufficient for seismic exploration targeting lithologic reservoirs at present and in the future;so it is necessary to give new connotation to seismic resolution.According to the theory of seismic inversion imaging,the resolution of imaging results is determined by the Hessian operator,which is also called point spread function(PSF),or imaging wavelet,in imaging analysis.The factors that determine the Hessian operator(or imaging wavelet)include source wavelet and wavelet at re-ceiver point,acquisition aperture(wide azimuth and long offset),migration velocity field and migration operator.For the imaging wavelet itself,its complete amplitude spectrum determines its resolution.This article starts with the definition of imaging resolu-tion and discusses the connotation and influencing factors of seismic resolution.Seismic resolving power comes down to the resol-ving power of the imaging wavelet.Further analysis suggests that imaging wavelets with broadband amplitude spectra dominated by low to medium frequencies exhibit stronger resolving power.Based on the physical interpretation of depth-domain fidelity and high-resolution imaging wavelet,as well as the requirements for true resolution at a target layer,we propose the concept of expec-ted imaging wavelet,based on which fidelity resolution is defined to be the main-lobe amplitude of a reflection wavelet from an ad-jacent formation.Fidelity resolution is a necessary condition for high-precision broadband elastic parameter(broadband wave im-pedance)reconstruction.The above new concepts related to imaging resolution have a clearer guiding significance for the acquisi-tion,imaging and geological interpretation of seismic data in the new era represented by seismic data acquisition with wide azi-muth,wide frequency band,high density and high signal-to-noise ratio and FWI inversion.关键词
地震分辨率/保真与高分辨/激发与接收地震子波/成像子波/点扩散函数/期望成像子波Key words
seismic resolution/fidelity and high resolution/source wavelet and receiver wavelet/imaging wavelet/point spread func-tion/expected imaging wavelet分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
盛燊,王华忠,吴成梁,许荣伟,聂振波,辛可锋..深度域保真与高分辨期望成像子波[J].石油物探,2024,63(4):755-765,11.基金项目
中石油集团前瞻性基础性项目"物探岩石物理与前沿储备技术研究"(2021DJ3501)、国家自然科学基金(42174135,42074143)和国家重点研发计划变革性技术关键科学问题重点专项(2018YFA0702503)共同资助.This research is financially supported by the Project of Science and Technology of CNPC(Grant No.2021DJ3501),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42174135,42074143)and the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0702503). （2021DJ3501）
