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植物矿质营养与病害研究进展及展望OA北大核心CSTPCD

Research progress and prospects on plant mineral nutrition and diseases

中文摘要英文摘要

矿质营养对植物生长发育具有重要作用.如何优化养分管理调控土壤生态功能及植物免疫反应,从而实现对植物病害有效防控,是当前研究的热点问题之一.本文综述了植物矿质营养元素与病害之间的相互关系,从物理抗性、生化抗性、分子抗性及微生物调控等方面阐述了植物矿质元素对病害的调控机理.合理供应矿质养分不仅能调节植物的组织和结构特性建立抵御病原体入侵的物理屏障,通过影响植物抗菌代谢物合成、氨基酸代谢、植物防御相关酶活性等诱导植物生化抗性,还能从分子水平调控植物信号及激活植物免疫反应以诱导植物分子抗性.此外,矿质营养还可通过改变植物根系分泌物的组成,调控根际微生物结构,进而维持植物及土壤健康.因此,利用植物矿质营养协调植物-土壤-微生物相互作用提高植物抗性,可为植物病害的绿色防控提供新思路.未来可从多种矿质营养复合调控植物免疫机制,植物和微生物对矿质营养响应差异机理,以及发展精准施肥技术提高植物对病害的抗性等方面进行深入研究.

Mineral nutrition plays a crucial role in plant growth and development.One of the current research hotspots is the question of how to optimize nutrient management in order to regulate soil ecological functions and plant immune responses for effective prevention and control of plant diseases.This paper reviews the interrelationships between plant mineral nutrients and diseases and describes the mechanisms of disease control by plant mineral elements from the aspects of physical resistance,biochemical resistance,molecular resistance,and microbial regulation.The proper supply of mineral nutrients can not only regulate the tissue and structural properties of plants to establish physical barriers against pathogen invasion,but also induce biochemical resistance by influencing the synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites,amino acid metabolism,and the activity of plant defense-related enzymes,among other mechanisms.Furthermore,it can induce molecular resistance through the regulation of plant signals and the activation of plant immune responses at the molecular level.Besides,mineral nutrition can alter the composition of plant root secretions to regulate the structure of inter-root microorganisms,thereby maintaining plant and soil health.Therefore,the use of plant mineral nutrition to coordinate plant-soil-microbe interactions to enhance plant resistance may provide new ideas for green prevention and control of plant diseases.Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms by which multiple mineral nutrient complexes regulate plant immunity,the differences between plant and microbial responses to mineral nutrients,and the development of precision fertilizer application techniques to enhance plant resistance to diseases.

王敏;彭大榕;曾吉兴;王诗语;朱林星;郭世伟

南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,江苏南京 210095

矿质营养植物病害植物健康土壤健康养分管理

mineral nutritionplant diseasesplant healthsoil healthnutrient management

《植物营养与肥料学报》 2024 (007)

1339-1353 / 15

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1901101);国家自然科学基金项目(32072673).

10.11674/zwyf.2024224

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