美国《外国情报监视法案》的历史演进及其当代争议与启示OA北大核心CHSSCDCSSCICSTPCD

[Research purpose]Summarizing and concluding the historical evolution of the U.S.Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act(FISA)and comprehensively analyzing the relationship between contemporary controversies over FISA and the expansion of power and checks and balances of the U.S.intelligence agencies will be conducive to a further understanding of the evolution of the U.S.legal framework for intelligence and its impact on the balance between individual privacy rights and national interests.[Research method]U-sing case study and systematic analysis to examine and analyze the dynamic evolution of the FISA in terms of political polarization,nation-al security,competitive intelligence,and scientific and technical intelligence strategy.[Research conclusion]The historical evolution of FISA reveals the contemporary controversies facing the United States legal system for intelligence surveillance,and there will be continued attention in the future on the weaponization of intelligence politicization,"national competition",addressing the challenges of new technol-ogies and the commercialization of intelligence,strengthening the intelligence oversight mechanism and privacy protection.States should respond to evolving security challenges and scientific and technological changes by strengthening the adjustment of legal and policy frame-works,enhancing technological autonomy,strengthening international intelligence cooperation,promoting the establishment of an intelli-gence oversight mechanism and improving intelligence transparency.