食品科学2026，Vol.47Issue(4)：1-16,16.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20251121-178
食品中花生过敏原分析检测研究进展:从传统方法到新型生物传感
Research Progress in the Analysis and Detection of Peanut Allergens in Foods:From Traditional Methods to Novel Biosensors
摘要
Abstract
Peanut allergy is a global food safety problem,and its incidence is increasing year by year.In severe cases,it can cause fatal allergic reactions.As there is currently no effective curative treatment for this disease,avoiding peanut ingestion has become a major prevention and control strategy.However,due to problems such as label errors and cross-contamination in the whole food chain,peanut allergens are often unintentionally introduced and continue to threaten the health of allergic people.Therefore,the development of peanut allergen detection technology with high sensitivity,high accuracy,and rapid response has important practical significance for ensuring food safety.In this article,the structural characteristics and allergenic mechanism of the major peanut allergenic proteins(Ara h 1,Ara h 2,Ara h 3,and Ara h 6)are systematically reviewed,highlighting that understanding the stable conformation and strong allergenicity of such proteins is crucial for developing protein allergen detection technologies.Meanwhile,the performance characteristics and limitations of traditional methods and emerging biosensor technologies in terms of sensitivity,specificity,operational portability,and applicable scenarios are summarized.Studies have shown that traditional methods have limitations such as weak anti-interference capacity,inability to reflect protein activity,and strong equipment dependence,while electrochemical biosensors have shown great potential in on-site screening due to their high sensitivity,rapid response,and portability.In the future,we should promote the standardization of this technology,improve its anti-interference capacity,reduce its costs,and accelerate its transformation from the laboratory to food chain supervision,thereby providing key technical support for peanut allergy prevention and control.关键词
花生过敏/过敏原检测/生物传感技术/食品安全Key words
peanut allergy/allergen detection/biosensor technology/food safety分类
轻工纺织引用本文复制引用
王进,唐亚杰,张丽丽,汪瑞,孙全才..食品中花生过敏原分析检测研究进展:从传统方法到新型生物传感[J].食品科学,2026,47(4):1-16,16.基金项目
"十四五"国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1102400) （2022YFF1102400）
江苏省自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(BK20250072) （BK20250072）
