当代教育论坛Issue(2)：48-56,9.
高等教育场域中优绩主义的实践失当与理性回归
The Misguided Practice and Rational Return of Meritocracy in the Field of Higher Education:A Perspective from Marx's"Two Criteria"
摘要
Abstract
Effective practice must satisfy both the criterion of truth and the criterion of value.The practical effectiveness of meritocracy in higher education depends on the legitimacy of its application of these criteria.Current meritocratic practices in higher education overstep both criteria,leading to significant issues:elite selection mechanisms deviate from the essence of education,individual development is reduced to instrumental rationality,and symbolic violence and social atomization crises emerge.Essentially,evaluation systems reduce multifaceted educational values to narrow performance metrics.Technocratic governance lends a scientific veneer to this quantification obsession,and educational actors strategic compliance to sustain their sense of meaning reinforces a narrow symbol of"merit".Breaking this cycle requires reconstructing the higher education evaluation system by implementing classified evaluation and value-added assessment;enhancing the transparency,visibility,and diversity of technological governance to safeguard the central role of humans within it;and guiding internal actors to deconstruct narrow notions of success,shifting from symbolic existence to meaningful being.关键词
优绩主义/真理尺度/价值尺度/教育公平/责任伦理Key words
meritocracy/criterion of truth/criterion of value/educational equity/ethics of responsibility引用本文复制引用
刘亚敏,程紫嫣..高等教育场域中优绩主义的实践失当与理性回归[J].当代教育论坛,2026,(2):48-56,9.基金项目
本文系华中科技大学文科"双一流"建设项目基金资助"区域高等教育发展研究中心"(编号:2025ZKJD16)的阶段性研究成果. （编号:2025ZKJD16）
