沈阳农业大学学报2026，Vol.57Issue(3)：17-26,10.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1700.2026.03.003
大豆种质资源遗传多样性及开花期性状分析
Genetic Diversity and Flowering Time Traits Analysis of Soybean Germplasm Resources
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aimed to systematically analyze the genetic diversity and the genetic basis of flowering time traits in soybean germplasm resources,identify germplasm with complementary flowering time and genetic backgrounds,and provide a theoretical basis for improving ecological adaptability and molecular design breeding in soybean.[Methods]A total of 294 soybean cultivars and intermediate germplasm accessions were used as materials.Whole-genome sequencing was performed using the 180K gene chip.Population structure and the heritability of flowering time were analyzed through principal component analysis,cluster analysis,genetic distance and genetic similarity calculations,combined with a kinship matrix.[Results]The flowering time of the 294 soybean accessions ranged from 36 to 69 days,with a mean of 41 days,a coefficient of variation of 15.688%,and a heritability of 0.42.After quality control,71 880 SNPs were obtained.Principal component analysis showed that PC1 and PC2 cumulatively explained 12.05%of the phenotypic variation.Cluster analysis divided the 294 accessions into three major groups,with Group I further subdivided into four subgroups,and it contained 261 accessions,while Groups II and III were smaller but exhibited significant genetic differentiation.Genetic distance analysis revealed that genetic distances among accessions ranged from 0.000 578 to 0.491 218,with an average of 0.249 783.Genetic similarity analysis showed that the average genetic similarity among accessions was 0.745 1.The difference in flowering time between accessions with the largest and smallest genetic distances was 24 and 8 days,respectively,and significant differences in flowering time were observed among groups.[Conclusion]The 294 soybean germplasm accessions exhibit rich phenotypic variation in flowering time and moderate heritability,with a clear population genetic structure.Some groups retain unique gene pools and show significant genetic differentiation from mainstream cultivars.These findings provide important data support and a theoretical basis for mining flowering time-related genes,selecting parents based on genetic complementarity,and directionally improving the ecological adaptability of soybean.关键词
大豆/开花期/遗传多样性/遗传距离/遗传相似度Key words
soybean/flowering time/genetic diversity/genetic distance/genetic similarity分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
杨光,丁国华,毕影东,吕世翔,张微,李炜,刘建新,刘淼,樊超,梁文卫,邸树峰..大豆种质资源遗传多样性及开花期性状分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2026,57(3):17-26,10.基金项目
黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2024-1-C011) （CZKYF2024-1-C011）
黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(YQ2025C032) （YQ2025C032）
黑龙江省农业科学院"农业科技创新跨越工程"项目(CX25JC65) （CX25JC65）
博士后研究人员落户黑龙江科研启动资助金实施项目(2025) （2025）
黑龙江省农业科学院创新工程项目(CX23GG01) （CX23GG01）
国家自然科学基金青年项目(32101793) （32101793）
