轻工学报2026，Vol.41Issue(4)：1-12,12.DOI:10.12187/2026.04.001
核酸适配体post-SELEX技术研究进展
Research progress on aptamer post-SELEX technology
摘要
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA(ssDNA)or RNA molecules selected through Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment(SELEX).They are widely employed as molecular probes in areas such as food safety and biomedicine.However,aptamers derived from conventional SELEX often show limitations in affinity,specificity,and stability.To overcome these shortcomings,post-SELEX optimization technology developed in recent years enable multidimensional synergistic improvements,thereby enhancing aptamer performance in practical applications.This review classifies and summarizes post-SELEX technology into three main strategies:truncation,chemical modification,and artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted optimization.Studies indicate that truncation can markedly enhance binding affinity,chemical modification effectively improves stability,and AI-assisted approaches substantially increase the success rate of targeted aptamer engineering.However,each technology has inherent limitations.Truncation risks disrupting key binding domains,chemical modification may compromise affinity,and AI-assisted approaches are often challenged by data scarcity.Nevertheless,the application of these technologies has significantly improved the overall performance of aptamers,providing crucial technical support for broadening their industrial applications.Future research will focus on developing integrated strategies that combine truncation,chemical modification,and AI;elucidating the mechanisms underlying aptamer structure-activity relationships;and constructing dedicated aptamer databases,so as to promote the industrial translation of aptamers.关键词
核酸适配体/post-SELEX技术/裁剪技术/化学修饰技术/人工智能技术Key words
aptamer/post-SELEX technology/truncation technology/chemical modification technology/artificial intelligence technology分类
轻工纺织引用本文复制引用
叶华,颜子怡,王梦媛,李诗洁,孔德昭..核酸适配体post-SELEX技术研究进展[J].轻工学报,2026,41(4):1-12,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(32372417) （32372417）
国家重点研发项目(2023YFF1104703-04) （2023YFF1104703-04）
