包装与食品机械2026，Vol.44Issue(4)：36-47,12.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-1295.2026.04.004
栽培食用菌有害元素污染状况及风险评估
Contamination status and risk assessment of harmful elements in cultivated edible fungi
摘要
Abstract
To assess the health risks associated with harmful elements in cultivated edible fungi,fungi samples were collected over four consecutive years(2022-2025)from a region in northern China.Based on statistical analysis of the concentrations of eight harmful elements,namely Pb,Cd,Hg,As,Cr,Al,Tl and Ba,the contamination levels of these elements in edible fungi were evaluated using the pollution index method.Furthermore,human tolerance assessment,non-carcinogenic health risk assessment,and carcinogenic health risk assessment were conducted using the estimated daily intake(EDI),target hazard quotient(THQ),and carcinogenic risk(CR)methods,respectively.The results showed that the exceedance rates of Cd and Cr in fresh fungi were 0.4%and 0.9%,respectively,while that of Cr in dried fungi was 3.7%.With the exception of fresh Volvariella volvacea,which exhibited a comprehensive pollution index PM of 0.703 7(warning level),all other fungi samples were classified as safe.Cd and As in fresh fungi,and Cr and Hg in dried fungi,were identified as elements requiring priority monitoring.The EDI values of harmful elements for both adults and children via consumption of fresh or dried fungi were all below the corresponding provisional tolerable daily intake(PTDI)values.The target hazard quotients(THQs)for all fungi were less than 1,indicating that the non-carcinogenic health risks posed by harmful elements in edible fungi to both adults and children were relatively low.However,the carcinogenic risks from harmful elements in fresh V.volvacea and Lentinula edodes were unacceptable for adults(comprehensive carcinogenic risk index φTCR>10-4),and those in fresh V.volvacea,L.edodes,Stropharia rugosoannulata,and Morchella spp.were unacceptable for children(φTCR>10-4),with Cd being the primary contributor.For dried fungi,the carcinogenic risks were acceptable(10-6≤φTCR<10-4).T his study provides a reference for mitigating the potential health risks associated with long-term dietary exposure to edible fungi and for ensuring quality and safety control throughout the entire supply chain.关键词
栽培食用菌/污染指数/风险评估/有害元素/电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法Key words
cultivated edible fungi/pollution index/risk assessment/harmful elements/inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry分类
轻工纺织引用本文复制引用
王冬,王北洪,刘静,王营军,杜远芳,李成,平华..栽培食用菌有害元素污染状况及风险评估[J].包装与食品机械,2026,44(4):36-47,12.基金项目
现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队(BAIC03-09-2026) （BAIC03-09-2026）
北京市农林科学院农业科技示范推广项目(2026SFFW-050) （2026SFFW-050）
北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20240508) （KJCX20240508）
