基于非天然氨基酸的蛋白质合成研究进展OA北大核心CSTPCD

Protein is an important component of living organisms and participates in almost all life activities.Under normal circum-stances,the protein in the organism is composed of 20 natural amino acids.However,with the rapid development of modern science and technology,the demand for medical treatment,food,materials,and other aspects of people's life is increasing,and these proteins can no longer meet the diversified application needs.At the same time,with the excellent performance of unnatural amino acids and their synthe-sized proteins are gradually becoming a research hot spot.The technology of modifying proteins with unnatural amino acids has been gradu-ally developed.Unnatural amino acids have different side chain groups from natural amino acids,which can bring new properties and func-tions to proteins.Based on the study of unnatural amino acids and unnatural proteins,this review first introduces the chemical and biologi-cal methods for synthesizing unnatural amino acids,and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of chemical and biological methods and their future development prospects.Then several popular methods of incorporating unnatural amino acids into proteins are presented.Then,the applications of unnatural amino acids and their synthetic proteins in enzyme modification,scientific research and medical treat-ment are listed and described.Finally,the future development of this technology is prospected and summarized.