辽西半干旱区玉米花生间作对不同降水年型下产量与水分利用效率的影响OA北大核心CSTPCD
Effects of Maize and Peanut Intercropping on Yield and Water Use Efficiency under Different Precipitation Years in Semi-arid Region of Western Liaoning
针对辽西半干旱地区降雨不足、水资源分布不均等问题,筛选出更具有韧性的适应气候变化的种植模式,通过田间试验,以玉米(MS)和花生(PS)单作为对照,研究玉米花生2行/2行(M2P2)、玉米花生4行/4行(M4P4)和玉米花生8行/8行(M8P8)这3种间作种植模式对不同降水年型下的产量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:不同降水年型中玉米花生间作LER均大于1,3年M2P2、M4P4和M8P8处理土地当量比(land equivalent ratio,LER)分别为1.02～1.08,1.10～1.15,1.07～1.08,表明能够提高农田的生产力.随着间作条带宽度增加,玉米的间作优势和花生的间作劣势均减弱.玉米具有边行优势,花生则存在边行劣势,同一间作处理中边1行玉米产量显著高于其他边行和玉米单作,边1行花生产量则显著低于其他边行和花生单作.发挥玉米的边行优势,降低花生的边行劣势,是实现玉米花生间作高产高效的重要途径.玉米花生间作具有稳产性,其主要原因是不同降水年型的间作玉米产量以及收获指数差异不显著.随着间作带幅变小间作玉米收获指数、单位面积穗数、穗粒数和百粒重有增加趋势,而间作花生则下降.不同降水年份间,玉米单位面积穗数和穗粒数、花生单位面积荚数和荚粒数差异显著,玉米和花生百粒重差异不显著.不同降水年型中M4P4的LER和WER均最高(1.09～1.15),是适宜在辽西半干旱地区的间作种植模式.
Aiming at the problems of insufficient rainfall and unequal distribution of water resources in the semi-arid region of western Liaoning,a more resilient planting model adapted to climate change was selected.This study conducted field experiments and compared with maize(MS)and peanut(PS)as the control,the effects of intercropping patterns of maize peanut 2 rows/2 rows(M2P2),maize peanut 4 rows/4 rows(M4P4)and maize peanut 8 rows/8 rows(M8P8)on yield and water use efficiency in different precipitation years were studied.The three-year M2P2,M4P4 and M8P8 treatment LER were 1.02‒1.08,1.10‒1.15 and 1.07‒1.08,respectively.Research has shown that intercropping of maize and peanut has increased the productivity in different precipitation years(LER>1).As the intercropping stripes turned widened,the intercropping advantages of maize and the intercropping disadvantages of peanut were both weakened.Maize had edge row advantages in the intercropping system,while peanuts had edge row disadvantages.In the same intercropping treatment,the maize yield per plant in edge row was significantly higher than that in other rows and sole-cropped maize,while the peanut yield per plant in edge row was significantly lower than that in other rows and sole-cropped peanut.Increasing the edge row advantage of maize and reducing the edge row disadvantage of peanut are important ways to achieve high yield and efficiency in maize and peanut intercropping system.Maize was the main factor for stable production in the intercropping of maize and peanut,and there was no significant difference in maize yield and harvest index in different precipitation year types.As the intercropping stripes turned narrower,the harvest index,number of ears per unit area,number of grains per ear,and hundred grain weight of intercropped maize showed an increasing trend,while these were the opposite in intercropping peanut.There were significant differences in the number of ears and grains per unit area of maize and the number of pods and grains per unit area of peanut in different precipitation years,while there was no significant difference in the hundred grain weight of maize and peanut.The LER and WER of M4P4 were the highest(1.09‒1.15)among different precipitation year types.Intercropping pattern suitable for semi-arid area of Western Liaoning.
孙翔龙;冯良山;杨宁;张诗行;夏桂敏
沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳 110161辽宁省农业科学院,沈阳 110161沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳 110161
农业科学
玉米花生间作抗旱稳产水分利用效率不同降水类型辽西半干旱区
corn peanut intercroppingdrought resistant and stable productionwater use efficiencydifferent precipitation typessemi-arid region of Western Liaoning
《沈阳农业大学学报》 2024 (005)
530-537 / 8
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071551);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1500900);沈阳市重点研发计划项目(23-409-2-06)
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